Herdとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 herde, heerde, heorde, from 古期英語 hierd, heord (“herd, flock; keeping, care, custody”), from Proto-West Germanic *herdu, from Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerdʰ- (“file, row, herd”). Cognate with German Herde, Danish hjord, Swedish hjord. Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian herdhe (“nest”) and Serbo-Croatian krdo.

名詞

herd (plural herds)

1. A number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper. [from 11th c.]

   a herd of cattle

   a herd of sheep

   a herd of goats

   • 1768, Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard:

     The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea.

2. Any collection of animals gathered or travelling in a company. [from 13th c.]
   • 2007 March, J. Michael Fay, “Ivory Wars: Last Stand in Zakouma”, in National Geographic, section 47:

     Zakouma is the last place on Earth where you can see more than a thousand elephants on the move in a single, compact herd.

   • 2019 June 6, “A gaggle, a confusion and a conspiracy - bizarre animal collective group names”, in BBC‎:

     Zebras can also be called a herd or a zeal.

3. (now usually derogatory) A crowd, a mass of people or things; a rabble. [from 15th c.]

   I was never one to follow the herd.

   • 1681, [John Dryden], Absalom and Achitophel. A Poem. […], 3rd edition, London: […] J[acob] T[onson] and are to be sold by W. Davis […], published 1682, →OCLC, page 15:

     But far more numerous was the Herd of ſuch, / Who think too little, and who talk too much.

   • 1833 June 8, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Table Talk:

     You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question.

   • 2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:

     There were herds of leather sofas and enough computers to ensure that no prospective matriculant or visiting parent could enter a room and not see at least one available keyboard, not even in the dining hall or field house.

下位語

• (group of elephants): parade

派生語

動詞

herd (third-person singular simple present herds, present participle herding, simple past and past participle herded)

1. (intransitive) To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company.

   Sheep herd on many hills.

   • 1953, Janice Holt Giles, The Kentuckians:

     The women bunched up in little droves and let their tongues clack, and the men herded together and passed a jug around and, to tell the truth, let their tongues clack too.

   • 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 167:

     Any predator that preys on animals that herd or school, has to be able to single out one individual to attack.

2. (transitive) To unite or associate in a herd
3. (transitive) To manage, care for or guard a herd

   Synonym: wrangle

   He is employed to herd the goats.

4. (intransitive) To associate; to ally oneself with, or place oneself among, a group or company.
   • 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, pages 39–40:

     I’ll herd among his Friends, and ſeem
     One of the Number, […]

   • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

     "[W]hy, I say, oh stranger, dost thou think that I herd here with barbarians lower than the beasts?"

5. To move, or be moved, in a group. (of both animals and people)

   On alighting at the station, we were all herded over the footbridge and through a side exit.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 herde, from 古期英語 hirde, hierde, from Proto-West Germanic *hirdī, from Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz. Cognate with German Hirte, Swedish herde, Danish hyrde.

名詞

herd (plural herds)

1. (now rare) Someone who keeps a group of domestic animals.

   Synonym: herder

   Hypernym: person

   Hyponyms: bearherd, cowherd, goatherd, gooseherd, gosherd, hogherd, horseherd, neatherd, oxherd, pigherd, shepherd, swanherd, swineherd

   Coordinate terms: rancher, pastoralist

   Near-synonym: herdsman

   • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

     John Dodds, the herd who bode in the place, was standing at the door, and he looked to see who was on the road so late.

   • 2000, Alasdair Grey, The Book of Prefaces, Bloomsbury, published 2002, page 38:

     Any talent which gives a good new thing to others is a miracle, but commentators have thought it extra miraculous that England's first known poet was an illiterate herd.

派生語

動詞

herd (third-person singular simple present herds, present participle herding, simple past and past participle herded)

1. (intransitive, Scotland) To act as a herdsman or a shepherd.
2. (transitive) To form or put into a herd.
3. (transitive) To move or drive a herd.

   I heard the herd of cattle being herded home from a long way away.

参考

• Appendix:English collective nouns
• drove
• gather
• muster
• round up
• ride herd on

Further reading

• herd (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

名詞

herd

1. alternative form of herde (“herd”)

語源 2

名詞

herd

1. alternative form of herde (“herder”)

語源 3

名詞

herd

1. alternative form of hird (“household”)