Manifestとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 manifest, manifeste, from Latin manifestus, manufestus (“palpable, manifest”), from manus (“hand”) + *infestus, participle of *infendō (“strike”) (from the root of dēfendō, offendō, etc.), or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-. Doublet of manifesto.

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA: /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/, /ˈmæn.ə.fɛst/
• 韻: -ænɪfɛst, -ænəfɛst
• ハイフネーション: man‧i‧fest

形容詞

manifest (comparative more manifest, superlative most manifest)

1. Evident to the senses, especially to the sight; apparent; distinctly perceived.
   • 2017 October 27, Alex McLevy, “Making a Killing: The Brief Life and Bloody Death of the Post-Scream Slasher Revival”, in The A.V. Club‎, archived from the original on 5 March 2018:

     It re-envisioned Freddy Krueger in the “real world,” where the nightmare-dwelling being is made manifest in our reality, one where Freddy actor Robert Englund and original Nightmare On Elm Street star Heather Langenkamp play themselves, as does [Wes] Craven himself.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 4:13:

     Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight […]

2. Obvious to the understanding; apparent to the mind; easily apprehensible; plain; not obscure or hidden.
3. (rare, used with "of") Detected; convicted.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book II, page 47:

     Caliſtho there ſtood manifeſt of Shame, / And turn’d a Bear, the Northern Star became […]

同意語

• (evident to the senses, easy to understand): apparent, plain, clear, distinct, obvious, palpable, patent
• See also Thesaurus:obvious.

派生語

名詞

manifest (plural manifests)

1. A list or invoice of the passengers or goods being carried by a commercial vehicle or ship.

   Coordinate terms: bill of goods, bill of sale, schedule

   Near-synonym: bill of lading

   ship's manifest

2. (computing) A file containing metadata describing other files.
3. (obsolete) A public declaration; an open statement; a manifesto.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Homer’s Ilias”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book I, pages 206–7:

     But you, authentick Witneſſes I bring, / Before the gods, and your ungrateful King, / Of this my Manifeſt : That never more / This Hand ſhall combate on the crooked Shore : / No, let the Grecian Powers oppreſs’d in Fight, / Unpity’d periſh in their Tyrants fight.

派生語

動詞

manifest (third-person singular simple present manifests, present participle manifesting, simple past and past participle manifested)

1. (transitive) To show plainly; to make to appear distinctly, usually to the mind; to put beyond question or doubt; to display; to exhibit.

   His courage manifested itself through the look on his face.

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:

     My Parts, my Title, and my perfect Soule / Shall manifeſt me rightly.

   • 1988, Dennis Marcellino, Sweeping it under the drug, page 123:

     And usually this manifests as them trying to prove their parent's criticism's and belittlings wrong.

   • 2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian‎:

     Other global taboos, such as sex and suicide, manifest themselves widely online, with websites offering suicide guides and Hot XXX Action seconds away at the click of a button. The UK government will come under pressure to block access to pornographic websites this year when a committee of MPs publishes its report on protecting children online.

   • 2012, Justin D. Yeakel et al., “Stable isotopes, functional morphology, and human evolution: a model of consilience”, in arXiv‎:

     Molar enamel thickness is a morphological trait that differentiates African apes from hominins, being manifested most dramatically in the megadont hominins (Paranthropus spp.) with hyperthick enamel.

   • 2019 September 24, Jessie Yeung, quoting Pope Francis, “Pope Francis loves nouns but is ‘allergic’ to adjectives”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 27 September 2019:

     Communication is a kind of beauty, he said – and “beauty manifests itself from the noun itself, without strawberries on the cake.”

2. (intransitive) To become manifest; to be revealed.

   His osteoporosis first manifested as pain in his hips.

3. (transitive, originally New Thought, now also slang) To will something to exist.
   • 1982, Shakti Gawain, The Creative Visualization Workbook‎:

     The process of creating your treasure map is a powerful step toward manifesting your goal. Now just spend a few minutes each day looking at it […]

   • 2014, Adrian Calabrese, How to Get Everything You Ever Wanted: Complete Guide to Using Your Psychic Common Sense‎:

     Undaunted by poverty, I decided to manifest a new car.

   • 2021, Kyle Buchanan, “Dominique Fishback Gave Her Heart to ‘Judas and the Black Messiah’”, in The New York Times‎:

     To Fishback, the project is a perfect fit. “I’ve been manifesting a romance role for a really long time,” she said,

4. (transitive) To exhibit the manifests or prepared invoices of; to declare at the customhouse.

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

Further reading

• “manifest”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “manifest”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “manifest”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• Manifest in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• antifems