odiとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Inherited from Proto-Italic *ōdai, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃e-h₃ód-e ~ h₃e-h₃d-ḗr, reduplicated perfect from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate; to start hating?”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈoː.diː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɔː.d̪i]

動詞

ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, perfect active ōsus sum); fourth conjugation, no present stem, perfect active forms have present active meaning, deponent in the perfect

1. to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.13:

     Quid est enim, Catilīna, quod tē iam in hāc urbe dēlectāre possit? — in quā nēmō est extrā istam coniūrātiōnem perditōrum hominum, quī tē nōn metuat, nēmō quī nōn ōderit.

     For what is there, Catiline, that can now delight you in this city? — in which there is no one outside that conspiracy of desperate men who does not fear you, no one who does not hate you.

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 1.38.1–2:

     Persicōs ōdī, puer, apparātūs,
     displicent nexae philyrā corōnae.

     • Translation by A.Z. Foreman

       My boy: I hate the filigree of Persia.
       Linden-sewn garlands chafe me with their glamor.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.5:

     Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.

     Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.

2. (with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.16:

     Laetus in praesēns animus quod ultrā est
     ōderit cūrāre […]

     And let the mind that’s happy in the moment
     ’Bout that which lies before be loath to worry

使用する際の注意点

Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:

• Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
• The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
• Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is attested in Old Latin.
• To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.

The form odīvī, classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

語源 2

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɔ.diː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɔː.d̪i]

名詞

odī

1. genitive singular of odium

動詞

odī

1. second-person singular present active imperative of odiō

参照

• “ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• Landgraf, Gustav (1884), “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins‎

Further reading

• “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “odi”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “odi”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.