penguinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• pinguin (obsolete)

語源

Uncertain. First attested in the 16th century in reference to the auk of the Northern hemisphere; the word was later applied to the superficially similar birds of the Southern hemisphere (as was woggin). Possibly from Welsh pen (“head”) and gwyn (“white”), or from Latin pinguis (“fat”). See citations and the Wikipedia article.

Sense 3 originates from the often black-and-white habit worn by nuns, which resemble the bird's colors.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɛŋɡwɪn/
• (pin–pen merger, Canada) IPA: /ˈpɪŋɡwɪn/
• 韻: -ɛŋɡwɪn, -ɪŋɡwɪn

名詞

penguin (plural penguins)

1. Any of several flightless sea birds, of the family Spheniscidae within the order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]
   • 1638, Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels, section I:

     Here are also birds cal'd Pen-gwins (white-head in Welch) like Pigmies walking upright, their finns or wings hanging very orderly downe like sleeves […]

2. (obsolete or historical) An auk (sometimes especially a great auk), a bird of the Northern Hemisphere.
   • 1772 March, “Account of the Settlement of the Malouines”, in The Gentleman's and London Magazine, page 166:

     This last species of penguin, or auk, seems to be the same with the alca cirrhata of Dr. Pallis, Spicileg. Zool. Fasc. v. p. 7. tab. i. & v. fig. 1–3. F.

   • 1885, Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York:

     More than a hundred years ago, for example, was seen the last of the great wingless penguins or auks, which early writers quaintly called " wobble-birds."

3. (slang) A nun.
   • 1980, Dan Aykroyd, The Blues Brothers (motion picture):

     Jake (John Belushi): What are we doing here?
     Elwood (Dan Aykroyd): You promised you'd visit the penguin the day you got out.
     Jake: Yeah. So, I lied to her.
     Elwood:You can't lie to a nun. We gotta go in and visit the penguin.

4. (juggling) A type of catch where the palm of the hand is facing towards the leg with the arm stretched downward, resembling the flipper of a penguin.
5. A spiny bromeliad with egg-shaped fleshy fruit, Bromelia pinguin.
   • 1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons‎, London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 4, p. 82:

     These productive patches, and the houses, were each surrounded by a fence, made of a prickly shrub, called the Pinguin, which propagates itself with great rapidity.

6. (UK, military, slang) A member of the air force who does not fly aircraft.
   • 1942, Hermann Hagedorn, Sunward I've Climbed, page 143:

     Although it is a permanent R.A.F. station (pre-war, that is), we meander about, even in the Mess, in battle dress and flying boots, sweaters, etc., much to the disgust of some of the more dignified 'penguins' […]

   • 1994, Monty Berger, Invasions without tears: the story of Canada's top-scoring Spitfire wing in Europe during the Second World War‎, →ISBN, →LCCN, page xi:

     Notwithstanding his elevated status as the wing’s Senior Intelligence Officer, Monty, too, was a “penguin,” equal in that respect to an armament assistant, airframe mechanic, pigeon loftsman or any of the seventy-odd ground trades listed by the Royal Canadian Air Force at the war’s end.

   • 2015 June 1, Kate Christie, In the Company of Women‎, Bella Books, →ISBN, →OCLC:

     She may have been a “penguin”—an Air Force service member who didn't fly—but it sure beat being at home, as Brady had pointed out.

   • 2019 November 5, Derek Esp, An Adventure in Education: The Autobiography of an Accidental Career in Education‎, Troubador Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

     This was to be my home for three months where ground officer cadets, referred to colloquially as ‘penguins’ were trained.

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• Penguin in the 1921 edition of Collier's Encyclopedia.