run-inとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

名詞

run-in (plural run-ins)

1. An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty.
   • 2004, Pamela Morsi, Suburban Renewal, page 95:

     During that time he had two more run-ins with the law. One involved the sale of stolen property. The other was for a series of hot checks.

2. The end-phase of a competition etc.

   Yahoo Sport's Leicester City blogger Helen Nutter gets ready for the Premier League run-in knowing her side - incredibly - still have a great chance of being crowned champions

   • 1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:

     But despite its plague of tunnels, the run-in on this route is of unusual interest to the locomotive enthusiast: besides the hordes of self-important saddle-tanks shunting in the extensive yards, there was at one time the chance of seeing those slender little North London engines, with their large outside cylinders and no visible storage place for coal, and also an occasional South Eastern locomotive sporting a lot of polished brass.

3. A sudden compression between two coupled railcars when the hinder one is moving faster than the fore one.
   • 1990, F. G. Carlson, Undesired Emergency Brake Applications, Association of American Railroad Research and Test Department:

     Brake pipe pressure reduction rates of over 30 psi/sec lasting for about 15 milliseconds were created by harsh slack run-ins.

   • 2024, Srini Swamy, Graydon F. Booth, Anand Prabhakaran, Very Long Trains: Moving Train Tests, Federal Railroad Administration:

     Researchers noted no unusual events (e.g., knuckle breaks) or notable instances of significant slack action or run-ins/run-outs at the lead locomotive during the test.

語源 2

Derived from the verb run in.

発音

形容詞

run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)

1. (participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text.

   Antonym: free-hanging

   These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.

2. (participial adjective; mechanical, engineering) (sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts.

   Synonym: broken in (adjective)

   A well run-in engine is likelier to consume less crankcase oil over the course of its working life.

アナグラム

• inrun, inurn

名詞

run in (plural run ins)

1. Alternative spelling of run-in (omitting the hyphens from nouns of this type is nonstandard in formal publications but widely seen in unedited writing)

動詞

run in (third-person singular simple present runs in, present participle running in, simple past ran in, past participle run in)

1. (transitive, informal, chiefly passive voice) To arrest; (especially) to track down and arrest.

   Coordinate term: run down

   The guys who robbed the bank last week have finally been run in.

2. (transitive, British) To use new machinery at less than full speed, preventing damage.

   Synonym: break in (transitive sense)

   I have to drive slowly for the first 1,000 miles to run the engine in.

   • 1959 February, A. G. Dunbar, “The "Dunalastair I" 4-4-0s of the Caledonian”, in Trains Illustrated, page 87:

     It was run in by Ranochan of Polmadie on the forenoon slow to Carlisle and the afternoon slow back to the North.

3. (figuratively) To start a new regime slowly.

   Synonym: phase in

4. (rugby) To score (a try).
   • 2011 September 16, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: New Zealand 83-7 Japan”, in BBC Sport‎:

     Toeava went over unopposed to stretch his side's lead but Japan got on the scoreboard on 56 minutes, wing Hirotoki Onozawa intercepting an attempted offload from Slade, who had a rather flaky game, and running in from the All Blacks' 10m line.

5. (typography, printing) To insert (a word, etc.) without making a line break or new paragraph (so that it is not free-hanging).

   Coordinate term: run down

   With these subsections, it is better to run their headings in.

6. (printing) To alter the position of matter to fill vacant space.
7. simple past and past participle of run in

参照

• (arrest): 1873, John Camden Hotten, The Slang Dictionary
• “run in”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• inrun, inurn