supersumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /suˈper.sum/, [s̠ʊˈpɛrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /suˈper.sum/, [suˈpɛrsum]

動詞

supersum (present infinitive superesse, perfect active superfuī, future participle superfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem (except in the future active participle)

1. to remain, to still remain, to be left, left over
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.567:

     “Iamque adeō super ūnus eram [...].”

     “And now indeed only I was left [...].”
     (Tmesis: “super” separated from “eram.”)

2. to survive (usually + dative)

   Synonyms: vīvō, supervīvō

   cladi superesse ― to survive the disaster

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.1:

     Nihil praeter arma et naves superesset

     Had nothing survived but their swords and ships

3. to be in abundance, to abound

   Synonyms: abundō, flōreō, niteō, affluō, superfluō

   Antonyms: careō, egeō, dēsum, dēlinquō, deficiō, cessō

4. to be superfluous
5. to support, advocate (for), defend

使用する際の注意点

Despite there being a passive for "to survive" in English, this verb is a completely active verb. Therefore, "to be survived" is expressed by reversing the subject and object.

Conjugation

参照

• “supersum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “supersum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• supersum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti