vivoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwiː.woː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈviː.vo]

動詞

vīvō (present infinitive vīvere, perfect active vīxī, supine vīctum); third conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to live

   Synonym: dēgō

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.2:

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immō vērō etiam in Senātum venit, […]

     Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. He lives? Indeed, in fact he even comes into the Senate, […] .

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.1:

     Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.

     As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trustworthy guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.

2. to be alive, to survive

   Synonyms: supersum, supervīvō

3. to reside in

   Synonyms: resideō, habitō, obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, subsīdō, stabulō, iaceō, incolō, colō, versō

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.9:

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city are we living?

使用する際の注意点

This verb is essentially intransitive, and thus has no passive forms. However, some limited passive use is attested:

• impersonal passive use: “negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur”: "Epicurus says we cannot live pleasantly unless we live virtuously" (Cic. Tusc. 3, 20, 49)
• very rare personal passive use in poetry: “nunc tertia vivitur aetas” (Ov. M. 12, 187)

In later Latin, forms such as vivuntur or vivebantur are attested.

Conjugation

同意語

• spīrō

反意語

• morior

形容詞

vivo

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of vivus

派生語

関連する語

• vīvus

派生した語

参照

• “vivo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vivo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “vivo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to live in the country: ruri vivere, rusticari
    
  • to live from day to day: in diem vivere
    
  • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
    
  • to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
    
  • happiness, bliss: beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse
    
  • to live in great affluence: in omnium rerum abundantia vivere
    
  • to be at leisure: in otio esse or vivere
    
  • to live on meat, fish, by plunder: vivere carne, piscibus, rapto (Liv. 7. 25)
    
  • to live on one's means: de suo (opp. alieno) vivere
    
  • I have no means, no livelihood: non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
    
  • to live well: laute vivere (Nep. Chab. 3. 2)
    
  • to live a luxurious and effeminate life: delicate ac molliter vivere
    
  • to be on friendly terms with a person: vivere cum aliquo
    
  • to live in solitude: in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65)
    
  • to live to oneself: secum vivere
    
  • to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) the necessaries of life: quae ad victum pertinent
    
  • (ambiguous) things indispensable to a life of comfort: res ad victum cultumque necessariae
    
  • (ambiguous) a livelihood: quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
    
  • (ambiguous) to earn a livelihood by something: victum aliqua re quaerere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN