turnoverとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Deverbal from turn over.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈtɝnoʊvɚ/

名詞

turnover (countable and uncountable, plural turnovers)

1. The amount of money taken as sales transacted in a given period.

   The company had an annual turnover of $500,000.

2. The frequency with which stock is replaced after being used or sold, workers leave and are replaced, a property changes hands, etc.

   High staff-turnover can lead to low morale amongst employees

   Those apartments have a high turnover because they are so close to the railroad tracks.

   • 2015 July 29, Carville G. Bevans et al., “Phylogeny of the Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) Family and Evolutionary Relationship to the Disulfide Bond Formation Protein B (DsbB) Family”, in Nutrients‎, volume 7, →DOI:

     In the case of pathological hypercoagulative conditions such as thrombosis and embolism, 4-hydroxycoumarin based oral anticoagulants, including warfarin as a well-known example, are administered to block the enzymatic function of VKORC1, effectively diminishing turnover of the vitamin K cycle.

3. A semicircular pastry made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, enclosing the filling (such as fruit).

   Hypernym: hand pie

   Coordinate term: pasty

   They only served me one apple turnover for breakfast.

4. (sports) A loss of possession of the ball without scoring.

   The Nimrods committed another dismaying turnover en route to another humiliating loss.

   • 2019 October 19, Robert Kitson, “England into World Cup semi-finals after bruising victory over Australia”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media:

     Australia’s 18 turnovers were a costly case of self-harm. So, too, were the two interception tries that ultimately wrecked any chance of Michael Cheika’s side ending their recent grim sequence against the Poms.

5. A measure of leg speed: the frequency with which one takes strides when running, typically given in strides per minute.
6. The act or result of overturning something; an upset.

   a bad turnover in a carriage

7. (printing, publishing) Synonym of runover.
8. (dated) An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time.

等位語

• (a pastry of a filling enclosed in a folded crust): fritter, rissole

派生語

関連する語

形容詞

turnover (not comparable)

1. Capable of being turned over; designed to be turned over.

   a turnover collar

   • 1922, Women's Wear, Toronto, volume 6, page 51:

     Chamoisette glove samples for spring show some very swagger styles with gauntlet tops and turnover cuffs piped and embroidered with harmonious contrasts.

アナグラム

• overturn

発音

動詞

turn over (third-person singular simple present turns over, present participle turning over, simple past and past participle turned over)

1. To flip over; to rotate uppermost to bottom.

   Turn over the box and look at the bottom.

   • 1952 October, “Notes and News: Derailment near Shawford”, in Railway Magazine, page 710:

     The brakes were applied immediately, but the engine ran into a sand drag at approximately 20 m.p.h., plunged down the embankment, and turned over on its side at the bottom.

2. (transitive, idiomatic) To relinquish; give back.

   They turned over the evidence to the authorities.

3. (transitive, idiomatic) To transfer.
   • 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. IX, Working Aristocracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):

     But what is to be done with our manufacturing population […] This one thing, of doing for them by ‘underselling all people,’ and filling our own bursten pockets and appetites by the road; and turning over all care for any ‘population,’ or human or divine consideration except cash only, to the winds, with a “Laissez-faire” and the rest of it: this is evidently not the thing.

4. (transitive, idiomatic) To produce, complete, or cycle through.

   They can turn over about three hundred units per hour.

5. (transitive, business) To generate (a certain amount of money from sales).

   The business turned over £1m last year.

6. (transitive) To mull, ponder
   • 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:

     Thus they dwelled for nearly a year, and in that time Robin Hood often turned over in his mind many means of making an even score with the Sheriff

7. (transitive, intransitive) To spin the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine using the starter or hand crank in an attempt to make it run.
8. (transitive, sports) To give up control (of the ball and thus the ability to score).

   The Giants didn't turn the ball over in their last four games.

9. (transitive) To cause extensive disturbance or disruption to (a room, storage place, etc.), e.g. while searching for an item, or ransacking a property.

   I've turned over the whole place, but I still can't find my glasses.

   Thieves turned over the apartment while the owners were away on holiday.

10. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see turn,‎ over.
    • 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 217:

      The family feeling was intensified as we stopped to speak to mothers in the cottage gardens, or waved to distant tractors turning over chocolate-brown furrows and driven by 'my dad' or 'my Uncle Bob'.

派生語

参考

アナグラム

• overturn