yとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (letter name): IPA: /ˈwaɪ/
• (phoneme): IPA: /i/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/, /ə/, /j/
• (letter name): 韻: -aɪ
• 異形同音異義語: why, Wye, wye

文字

y (lower case, upper case Y, plural ys or y's)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, called wy or wye and written in the Latin script.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• Historically, this letter was sometimes used to approximate þ, as in yt (“that”), yͧ (“thou”), and ye (“the”) (which see for more).

語源 2

Abbreviations.

y

1. (Stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɔɪ̯/.
2. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of why.
3. (Stenoscript) the suffix -ry or -rry.

名詞

y

1. Abbreviation of year.

   Alternative forms: yr, a (“annum”)

   • 2003, Howard Tanner, Sonia Jones, Becoming a Successful Teacher of Mathematics:

     Consider the following questions selected from the tests and estimate the proportion of Y8 pupils you would expect to answer correctly.

2. (UK, television) Abbreviation of youth, usually followed by an age appropriate for the content so marked.

   Y7

派生語

副詞

y (not comparable)

1. (slang, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of why.

不変化詞

y

1. (computing) Abbreviation of yes.

参考

• U
• V

文字

y (upper case Y)

1. A letter of the Old English alphabet, written in the Latin script.

使用する際の注意点

• This letter always represents the IPA vowel /y/, never the consonant /j/ that y sometimes represents in modern English.
• Old English texts often include a tittle above the letter: ⟨ẏ⟩
• Although Old English texts typically did not mark vowel length, modern editions of Old English manuscripts typically do. Some editions mark the long version of this vowel with ⟨ý⟩, but ⟨ȳ⟩ is now more common.

代名詞

y

1. alternative form of I

語源 2

前置詞

y

1. alternative form of in (“in”)

名詞

ȳ f (indeclinable)

1. A name of the letter Y.

同意語

• (name of the letter Y): ī graeca, ȳpsīlon

等位語

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

参照

• "y", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Latin Grammar (3rd ed., 1895), page 1

  The Latin names for the letters… For Y the sound was used, for Z the Greek name (zēta).

別の表記

• -e, -ey, -ie
• -i- (when followed by another suffix)

語源 1

From 中期英語 -y, -i, from 古期英語 -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).

Cognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.

接尾辞

-y

1. Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.

   ‎mess + ‎-y → ‎messy

   ‎mouse + ‎-y → ‎mousy

   ‎blue + ‎-y → ‎bluey

   ‎clay + ‎-y → ‎clayey

   ‎tree + ‎-y → ‎treey

   ‎hole + ‎-y → ‎holey

   ‎sponge + ‎-y → ‎spongy

   ‎cake + ‎-y → ‎caky

   ‎dice + ‎-y → ‎dicey

   ‎guts + ‎-y → ‎gutsy

   • 2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom‎, Macmillan, →ISBN:

     Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.

2. Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning "inclined to".

   ‎run + ‎-y → ‎runny

   ‎panic + ‎-y → ‎panicky

   ‎twiddle + ‎-y → ‎twiddly

使用する際の注意点

• This suffix is extremely productive and can be added to almost any word. When the resulting word is not quite an established or formal word yet (but rather a nonce word or a casualism), a hyphen is often used before the suffix (sandcastle → sandcastle-y, tomato-y, etc.); this is sometimes also used when an established term is used very literally, as a form of clarification (health → health-y (“relating to health”), distinct from healthy (“in a state of wellness”)).
• The final consonant is doubled just like any other vowel suffix. For example, if → iffy.
• For nouns and adjectives ending in Y, -ey is added. For example, clay → clayey.
• Nouns and adjectives ending in a silent E often drop this. For example, ease → easy.
• A few long-established words ending with this suffix have distinctive spellings, such as wintry and fiery, which English learners might misspell as *wintery and *firey.

同意語

• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”): -al, -an, -ial, -ian, -ly, -ous
• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”): -esque, -ish, -like, -ly, -oid

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “form “having quality of” adjectives”): -less

派生語

語源 2

Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source 中期英語 -ie, -i, from 古期英語 -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix).

Not related with Dutch -je, -ie, regional Low German -je, which are from Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn (English -kin as in lambkin), nor with German -i, which is from Proto-West Germanic *-īn (English -en as in maiden). The vowel /i/ has an onomatopoeic quality to it, which may reinforce its occurrence in diminutives.

別の表記

• -ie, -ey, -ee

接尾辞

-y

1. Forming diminutive nouns.

   ‎gran(nam) + ‎-y → ‎granny

   ‎pin(afore) + ‎-y → ‎pinny

   ‎(s)tom(ach) + ‎-y → ‎tummy

2. Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.

   ‎And(rew) + ‎-y → ‎Andy

   ‎Bill + ‎-y → ‎Billy

   ‎John + ‎-y → ‎Johnny

   ‎Jones + ‎-y → ‎Jonesy

   ‎love + ‎-y → ‎lovey

3. Added for metrical reasons to songs, often in children's music where it may carry diminutive associations.
4. Forming nouns relative to an adjective.

   ‎bald + ‎-y → ‎baldy

   ‎dum(b) + ‎-y → ‎dummy

   ‎right + ‎-y → ‎righty

5. Forming colloquial interjections or phrases.

   ‎alright + ‎-y → ‎alrighty

   ‎oops + ‎-y → ‎oopsy

   ‎right + ‎-y → ‎righty

   ‎wake + ‎-y → ‎wakey

同意語

• (diminutive): mini-, micro-, nano-, -ette, -ee, -icle/-cule/-ule/-ole

派生語

語源 3

From 中期英語 -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eiă), -ιον (-ion). Cognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.

接尾辞

-y

1. Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.

   ‎modest + ‎-y → ‎modesty

   ‎honest + ‎-y → ‎honesty

   ‎-nym + ‎-y → ‎-nymy

   as in ‎toponym + ‎-y → ‎toponymy

   ‎-logue + ‎-y → ‎-logy

   as in ‎analogue + ‎-y → ‎analogy

2. Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin.

   Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey.

派生語

語源 4

Inherited from 中期英語 -y, -ie, for earlier -ien, from the 古期英語 weak class 2 infinitival suffix -ian, -iġan, by syncope from earlier *-ōjan, North Sea Germanic form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną; reinforced by the suffix -ian, -ġan in 古期英語 verbs of weak class 1 with roots ending in -r (and the exceptional strong class 6 verb swerian). Compare -en (infinitive ending).

別の表記

• -ee

接尾辞

-y

1. (West Country, obsolete) Denotes the infinitive of verbs when used intransitively.
   • June 1746, “An Exmoor Scolding”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 16, London: Edward Cave, page 354:

     But thee, thee wut ruckee, and ſquattee, and doatee in the chimly coander lick an axwaddle; and wi’ the zame tha wut rakee up, and gookee, and tell doil, tell dildrams and buckingham jenkins.

   • 1886, Frederic Thomas Elworthy, “Gig, Gig-mill”, in The West Somerset Word-Book, volume 1, London: Trübner & Co., page 284:

     Where's your Tom now? Au! he do worky down to factory— he've a-workèd to the gig's two year

   • 2008 March 18 [c. 1955], Suzanne Wagner, “English dialects in the Southwest: morphology and syntax”, in Bernd Kortmann, Clive Upton, editors, Varieties of English, volume 1: The British Isles, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, page 432:

     d. wiː də ˈbɽɪŋ æʊɽ ˈʃiːp ɪn l̴ami / ‘We bring our sheep in (to) lamb.’ (36 Co 6, book I)

使用する際の注意点

• This suffix can be added to any verb regardless of its class in Old or Middle English.

別の表記

• -e, -eg, -ege, -ey, -i, -ich, -iche, -ie, -ig, -ige, -iȝ, -iȝe, -ik, -ike, -ye

発音

• IPA: /-iː/

接尾辞

-y

1. Designates an adjective, in many cases formed by being appended to a noun.

派生語

派生した語

• English: -y, -ie, -ey
• Scots: -ie, -y
• Yola: -ee

参照

• “-i,, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.
• “-i(e, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 20 June 2018.

語源 2

接尾辞

-y

1. alternative form of -yf

語源 3

接尾辞

-y

1. alternative form of -ie

語源 4

接尾辞

-y

1. alternative form of -ien (infinitival suffix)

代名詞

y'

1. (informal, dialect, subject pronoun) you; ya; ye.
   • 1888, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Black Arrow:

     Y' are brave, but the most uncrafty lad that I can think upon!

   • 1946, Katharine Susannah Prichard, The roaring nineties: a story of the goldfields of Western Australia:

     Y'r can turn out the place, boys, if y' think Monty or me had anything to do with his blasted wallet.

   • 1986, Robert Herring, McCampbell's war:

     "Then what y'reckon y'gon' do?" the other repeated.

派生語

• y'all
• y'know

語源

From 中期英語 y-, from 古期英語 ġe- (perfective and associative prefix); see those entries for more. Cognate with German ge-, Yiddish גע־ (ge-).

発音

• IPA: /ɪ/

接頭辞

y-

1. (not productive, obsolete) Used with past participle conjugations to form past participles (this prefix does not occur independently and is no longer productive).

   ybarred, yclept, yclad, ybaptized, yslain, yronne

派生語

語源

From 古期英語 ġe- (perfective and associative prefix), from unstressed Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”). Cognate with Old Frisian e-, Central Franconian je-, Old Saxon gi-, Dutch ge-, Old High German ga- (German ge-), Old Norse g-, Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-). See also ker-.

発音

• IPA: /i/, (early) /jə/

接頭辞

y-

1. Added to verbs as a perfective prefix or intensifier.
2. Used to form nouns of association similar to English co-.
3. Used with past participle conjugations to form past participles.

使用する際の注意点

• Not productive in Modern English.
• This prefix represents a common Germanic collective prefix, as well as a perfective prefix which was used to form past participles. Already by the Old English period such participles could be used with or without it, and as it passed into Middle English forms y-, i-, and ȝe-, it became less productive. The prefix was later adopted as a conscious archaism by some writers such as Edmund Spenser, who prepended it to existing past participles.

派生語

派生した語

• English: y-, a-, i- (obsolete or dialectal)
• Yola: ee-

参考

• ẏ, Middle English abbreviation for ye
• Middle English, y- (prefix) is often confused with ye (“you”) or with ye, alternative form of þe (“the”) due to typographic variation:
• ȝe- / y- is pronounced /jə/, /i/, consistent with the Old English pronunciation of ge- as /je/; it is usually dropped in Modern English except in archaisms (though note enough)
  • In contrast, the standalone Middle English definite article ye (not to be confused with the pronoun ye) is pronounced /ðeː/, /ðɛ/, /ði/ and is effectively an alternative spelling of þe (“the”).