chiveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 chive~cyve, from Old French chive~cive, from Latin cēpa (“onion”).

別の表記

• cive (obsolete), chithe

名詞

chive (plural chives)

1. A perennial plant, Allium schoenoprasum, related to the onion.
2. (in the plural or attributive) The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

   Chive herb. (attributive use)

   • 2002, “Chic 'n' Stu”, in Daron Malakian, Serj Tankian (lyrics), Daron Malakian (music), Steal This Album!, performed by System of a Down, Track 1:

     What a splendid pie, pizza-pizza pie / Every minute, every second, buy, buy, buy, buy, buy / Pepperoni and green peppers, mushrooms, olive, chives

3. (Trinidad and Tobago, dialect) The spring onion; the green onion; the scallion.

派生語

参考

• scallion
• shallot
• spring onion

参照

• “chive” in Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 8th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1973 (1974 printing), →OCLC.
• Chives on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Allium schoenoprasum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Allium schoenoprasum on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Category:Allium schoenoprasum on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• chive at USDA Plants database
• “Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe”, in Cooking with Ria‎, 3 March 2013

語源 2

From 中期英語 chive, chyve, variant of chith, chyth, from 古期英語 ċīþ (“shoot, scion, sprout”). Doublet of chit and scion.

別の表記

• chithe (obsolete), chire

名詞

chive (plural chives)

1. A piece cut off; sliver.
2. (botany, obsolete) The filament which supports the anther of a flower; stamen, especially of saffron.
   • 1577, Raphael Holinshed et al., The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Ireland, London: John Hunne, Book 3, Chapter 14, “Of English Saffron,”

     […] in the place wher he bled, Saffron was after found to grow, whereupon the people séeyng the color of the chiue as it stoode, (although I doubt not but it grewe there long before) adiudged it to come to the bloude of Crocus, and therefore they gaue it his name.

   • 1610, Edmund Bolton, chapter 28, in The Elements of Armories‎, London: George Eld, pages 156–157:

     […] to abate, and allay the fulnesse of red, we doe not see white vsed (as a colour too remote) but rather yellow, and that so farre-forth as some doe grinde a Chiue of Saffron with Vermillion, to make it the more pleasant, whereas white in like proportion mixed, would dimne, and decay it […]

   • 1633, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], Thomas Johnson, “Of Stitchwort”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], enlarged edition, London: […] Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers, →OCLC, book I, page 46:

     The chiues or threds in the middle of the floure are ſometimes of a reddiſh, or of a blackiſh colour.

   • 1648, Robert Herrick, “The Temple”, in Hesperides‎, London: John Williams and Francis Eglesfield, pages 104–105:

     The Saint, to which the most he prayes
     And offers Incense Nights and dayes,
     The Lady of the Lobster is,
     Whose foot-pace he doth stroak & kisse;
     And, humbly, chives of Saffron brings,
     For his most cheerfull offerings.

関連する語

• chism
• chit

語源 3

From Romani chive, chiv, chivvomengro (“knife, dagger, blade”).

別の表記

• chieve, chife, chiv

名詞

chive (plural chives)

1. (thieves' cant) A knife.
   • 1712, “A Budg and Snudg Song”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris‎, published 1896, page 32:

     For when that he hath nubbed as, / And our friends tip him no cole, / He takes his chive and cuts us down, / And tips us into a hole.

   • 1841, Henry Downes Miles, chapter XXXIX, in Dick Turpin‎, 4th edition, London: William Mark Clark, published 1845, page 267:

     None of us know'd then—though the grabbing at Nan Turner's came off that very night—as Polly was the cause o' that 'ere, till it vos blown here at the Gate by some of the coves. Vell, she nammused, as you may guess, but fust poor old Madge Rhodes got a chive in her breather from Black Gil.

   • 1879 October, J[ohn] W[illiam] Horsley, “Autobiography of a Thief in Thieves’ Language”, in Macmillan’s Magazine, volume XL, number 240, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, page 503, column 2:

     On the Boxing Day after I came out I got stabbed in the chest by a pal of mine who had done a schooling. We was out with one another all the day getting drunk, so he took a liberty with me, and I landed him one on the conk (nose), so we had a fight, and he put the chive (knife) into me.

   • 1888 February 12, “A Plank-Bed Ballad”, in The Referee, reprinted in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris, published 1896, page 185:

     I guyed, but the reeler he gave me hot beef, / And a scuff came about me and hollered; / I pulled out a chive but I soon same to grief, / And with screws and a james I was collared.

2. (thieves' cant) A file.
3. (thieves' cant) A saw.

派生語

• chive fencer (“street seller of cutlery”)
• shiv (“makeshift knife”)

動詞

chive (third-person singular simple present chives, present participle chiving, simple past and past participle chived)

1. (thieves' cant) To stab.

   Synonyms: jab, shiv; see also Thesaurus:stab

   • 1728, James Dalton, A Genuine Narrative of all the Street Robberies committed since October last, by James Dalton and his Accomplices‎, page 59:

     Adieu to Haul-Cly, adieu to stopping Coaches, and adieu to all the hurry-scurry of Foot-Scampering, filing, chiving, milling, and sneaking […]

   • 1868 May, Cassell's Magazine, page 80:

     He was as good a man as Jacky at any weapon that could be named, and if Jacky were game for a chiving (stabbing) match, he (Kavanagh) was ready for him.

   • 1879 October, Rev. John William Horsley, “Autobiography of a Thief”, in Macmillan's Magazine‎, volume 40, page 503:

     After the place got well where I was chived, me and another screwed a place at Stoke Newington

2. (thieves' cant) To cut.

   Synonyms: incise, snithe; see also Thesaurus:cut

派生語

• chive the darbies (“to cut off fetters”)
• chiving lay (“theft by cutting coach components”)
• chiving the froe (“theft by cutting women's pockets”)
• shiv (“to stab”)

参照

• [Francis Grose] (1788), “Chive”, in A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, London: […] S. Hooper, […], →OCLC.
• Albert Barrère and Charles G[odfrey] Leland, compilers and editors (1889–1890), “chive”, in A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant […], volume I (A–K), Edinburgh: […] The Ballantyne Press, →OCLC, page 246.
• John S[tephen] Farmer; W[illiam] E[rnest] Henley, compilers (1891), “chive”, in Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present. […], volume II, [London: […] Harrison and Sons] […], →OCLC, pages 97–98.
• Eric Partridge (1949), A Dictionary of the Underworld, London: Macmillan Co.