exactとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ɪɡˈzækt/
• 韻: -ækt

形容詞

exact (comparative exacter or more exact, superlative exactest or most exact)

1. Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect.

   The clock keeps exact time.

   He paid the exact debt.

   an exact copy of a letter

   exact accounts

2. Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual.

   a man exact in observing an appointment

   In my doings I was exact.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     I see thou art exact of taste.

   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond‎:

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

3. Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     An exact command,
     Larded with many several sorts of reason.

4. (not comparable, homological algebra, of a sequence of morphisms in an abelian category) Such that the kernel of each morphism is the image of the preceding one.
5. (not comparable, homological algebra, of a functor of abelian categories) Such that it preserves short exact sequences.

   Hypernyms: left exact, right exact

同意語

• (precisely agreeing): perfect, true, correct, precise
• (precisely or definitely conceived or stated): strict
• spot on

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “precisely agreeing”): inexact, imprecise, approximate
• (antonym(s) of “precisely or definitely conceived or stated”): loose

派生語

動詞

exact (third-person singular simple present exacts, present participle exacting, simple past and past participle exacted)

1. (ambitransitive) To demand and enforce the payment or performance of, sometimes in a forcible or imperious way.

   to exact tribute, fees, or obedience from someone

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 3:13:

     He said into them, Exact no more than that which is appointed you.

   • 2018, Edo Konrad, “Living in the constant shadow of settler violence”, in +972 Magazine:

     Their goal is retributive: to exact a price from Palestinian civilians (and in some cases left-wing Israeli Jews, Christians, and Israeli security forces) for actions Israeli authorities take against the settlers, usually building enforcement in illegally built settlements.

   • 2020 September 19, statement of Clarence Thomas on the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg[2]:

     She was a superb judge who gave her best and exacted the best from each of us, whether in agreement or disagreement.

   • 2020, Kristine Henriksen Garroway, John W. Martens, Children and Methods, page 139:

     […] a generic, strikingly universal, deity, “ha-elohim,” who tests, who exacts and extracts, and who is the object of fear […]

2. (transitive) To make desirable or necessary.
   • c. 1621–1623 (date written), Philip Massinger, The Maid of Honour. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1632, →OCLC, Act IIII, scene iv, signature I, verso:

     I vvait, Madam, / To knovv vvhat your commands are; my deſignes / Exact me in another place.

3. (transitive) To inflict; to forcibly obtain or produce; to visit.

   to exact revenge on someone

使用する際の注意点

• Often used with the preposition from or on.

派生語

副詞

exact (comparative more exact, superlative most exact)

1. exactly

   She's wearing the exact same sweater as I am!

同意語

• (error-free manner): accurately, just, precisely; see also Thesaurus:exactly

Further reading

• “exact”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “exact”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “exact”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.