excidoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From ex- +‎ cadō (“fall”).

別の表記

• *excadē̆re (vulgar)
  • excadō (Medieval Latin)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɛks.kɪ.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛks.t͡ʃi.d̪o]

動詞

excidō (present infinitive excidere, perfect active excidī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

1. to fall out, from or down, tumble to the ground, collapse, break down, drop

   Sī quandō in puerīs ante alter dēns nāscitur quam prior excidat, is quī cadere dēbuit ēvellendus est.

   If ever in children a second tooth appears before the earlier one has fallen out, the one which ought to have fallen out must be uprooted.

2. to fall out or from involuntarily, slip out, escape
3. to differ from someone's opinion, disagree with, dissent
4. to be lost or forgotten, pass away, perish, disappear
   • 1st c. BC, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum:

     Perterriti voce et vultu confessi sunt [litteras] se accepisse sed excidisse in via.

     With a terrified voice and face they confessed that they did receive the letter but lost them on the road.

5. to lose oneself, fail; faint, swoon
6. to slip out, away or escape from memory, i.e. forget
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.25–26:

     necdum etiam causae īrārum saevīque dolōrēs exciderant animō.

     Nor even now had the causes of [Juno’s] anger and bitter sorrows slipped from her mind.

7. (with ablative) to be deprived of, miss, fail to obtain, forfeit, lose

Conjugation

関連する語

語源 2

From ex- +‎ caedō (“cut; strike”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɛksˈkiː.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [eksˈt͡ʃiː.d̪o]

動詞

excīdō (present infinitive excīdere, perfect active excīdī, supine excīsum); third conjugation

1. to cut or hew out, off, or down

   excīdō virīlitātem ― I castrate, geld

   Adeō fortis erat ut arborēs pugnō excīderet.

   He was so strong that he could cut down trees with his fist.

2. to raze, demolish, lay waste, destroy
3. (figuratively) to extirpate, remove, banish
4. (in a quarry) to cut out, hollow out, excavate

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → English: excide, excise
• → French: exciser

参照

• “excido”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “excido”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory: aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo
    
  • the recollection of a thing has been entirely lost: memoria alicuius rei excidit, abiit, abolevit
    
  • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    
• “excido”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “excidentia, excidere”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 388/1