verbumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwɛr.bũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvɛr.bum]

名詞

verbum n (genitive verbī); second declension

1. word

   Rēs, nōn verba. ― actions speak louder than words (literally, “things, not words”)

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.539–540:

     verba movent īram nōn circumspectā deōrum:
     ‘quam nequeam’ dīxit ‘vincere, nūlla fera est.’

     Words, without having been considered, excite the anger of the gods:
     “There is no wild beast,” [Orion] said, “such as I am unable to defeat!”
     (See: Orion (mythology).)

   • [90-110], Ioannes [John], Biblia [Bible], volume Novum Testamentum [New Testament] (canonical gospel), Evangelium secundum Ioannem [Gospel according to John], chapter 1, verse 1, lines 1–3:

     In principio erat Verbum,
     et Verbum erat apud Deum,
     et Deus erat Verbum.

     In principle was the Word,
     the Word was with God
     and the Word was God.

2. proverb, saying
3. (grammar) verb
4. (in the plural) language, discourse, expressions
5. (in the plural) (mere) words, (empty) words, (figuratively) falsehoods, deceptions, lies

   verba dō ― to trick, deceive (literally, “to give a discourse”)

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 504–505:

     DĀVUS: Sed sī quid tibi nārrāre occēpī, continuō darī / tibi verba cēnsēs.

     DAVUS: But if I’ve begun to tell you anything, you immediately think that lies are being given to you.
     (In other words, idiomatically, “you think you’re being lied to or somehow deceived”.)

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

同意語

• (verb): verbum temporāle

派生語

関連する語

• adverbiālis
• verbōsē

派生した語

参照

• “verbum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verbum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "verbum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to crave humbly; to supplicate: supplicibus verbis orare
    
  • what he said made a deep impression on..: hoc verbum alte descendit in pectus alicuius
    
  • to agree in fact but not in word: re concinere, verbis discrepare
    
  • to address a meeting of the people: verba facere apud populum, in contione
    
  • pathos; passion: magniloquentia, granditas verborum
    
  • the plain style: verborum tenuitias, oratio subtilis
    
  • well-chosen language, grace of style: ornatus orationis, verborum
    
  • to explain one's sentiments: sententias (verbis) explicare, aperire
    
  • to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...)
    
  • the connection: perpetuitas verborum
    
  • to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multa verba facere
    
  • to give a full, detailed account of a thing: pluribus verbis, copiosius explicare, persequi aliquid
    
  • the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus verba respondent
    
  • to be unable to say all one wants: verbis non omnia exsequi posse
    
  • I have abundance to say: res (opp. verba) mihi suppetit
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): ad verbum transferre, exprimere
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum e verbo exprimere
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum pro verbo reddere
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): totidem verbis transferre
    
  • to translate freely: his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre
    
  • the structure of the sentence: compositio, structura verborum
    
  • the period: ambitus, circuitus, comprehensio, continuatio (verborum, orationis), also simply periodus
    
  • the construction: constructio, structura verborum, forma dicendi
    
  • profusion of words: copia, ubertas verborum
    
  • to be rich in words: verbis abundantem esse, abundare
    
  • poverty of expression: inopia verborum
    
  • to employ carefully chosen expressions: lectissimis verbis uti (De Or. 3. 37)
    
  • obsolete, ambiguous expressions: prisca, obsoleta (opp. usitata), ambigua verba
    
  • nominally; really: verbo, nomine; re, re quidem vera
    
  • literally: si verba spectas
    
  • in some one's name; on some one's behalf (not nomine alicuius): verbis alicuius, e.g. salutare (Liv. 9. 36)
    
  • these are mere empty phrases: haec verba sunt (Ter. Phorm. 3. 2. 32)
    
  • mere words; empty sound: inanis verborum sonitus
    
  • senseless rant: inanium verborum flumen
    
  • to not say a word: nullum (omnino) verbum facere
    
  • to say not a syllable about a person: ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere
    
  • to speak on a subject: verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem)
    
  • to extract a word from some one: verbum ex aliquo elicere
    
  • to hold an altercation with a man: verbis concertare or altercari cum aliquo (B. C. 3. 19. 6)
    
  • an altercation, debate: verborum concertatio
    
  • to say only a few words: pauca dicere (pauca verba dicere only of the orator)
    
  • all this means to say: omnia verba huc redeunt
    
  • no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
    
  • to unable to find a suitable expression: verbo parum valere (Tusc. 3. 5. 11)
    
  • not to understand a single word: verbum prorsus nullum intellegere
    
  • to introduce a new word into the Latin language: inducere novum verbum in latinam linguam
    
  • to invent, form words: verba parere, fingere, facere
    
  • to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word): vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex...
    
  • to derive a word from... (used of an etymologist): verbum ductum esse a...putare
    
  • to derive a word from... (used of an etymologist): originem verbi repetere a...
    
  • to give the etymological explanation of words: nomina enodare or verborum origines quaerere, indagare
    
  • what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
    
  • the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli
    
  • to hold by the letter (of the law): verba ac litteras or scriptum (legis) sequi (opp. sententia the spirit)
    
  • the order of words: ordo verborum (Or. 63. 214)
    
  • a figurative expression; a word used metaphorically: verbum translatum (Or. 27. 92)
    
  • well-arranged words: verba composita
    
  • a trope; metonymy: verborum immutatio
    
  • it was said long ago that..: vetus (verbum) est (c. Acc. c. Inf.)
    
  • minute, pedantic carping at words: verborum aucupium or captatio
    
  • the text of the author (not textus): verba, oratio, exemplum scriptoris
    
  • to strike out, delete a word: inducere verbum (Phil. 13. 19. 43)
    
  • the terms, contents of the letter are as follows: litterae in hanc sententiam or his verbis scriptae sunt
    
  • insulting expressions: voces (verba) contumeliosae
    
  • insulting expressions: verborum contumeliae
    
  • to deceive a person, throw dust in his eyes: verba dare alicui (Att. 15. 16)
    
  • to read prayers for the congregation to repeat: praeire verba (carmen) (Liv. 31. 17)
    
  • a word with you: tribus verbis te volo
    
  • remember me to your brother: nuntia fratri tuo salutem verbis meis (Fam. 7. 14)
    
  • to use Cicero's expression; to say with Cicero (not ut cum Cicerone loquar): ut Ciceronis verbis utar
    
  • to use the mildest expression: ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar)
    
• “verbum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “vĕrbum”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 703