formaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Germanic *frumô. Cognate with Old Saxon formo and Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma).

発音

• IPA: /ˈfor.mɑ/, [ˈforˠ.mɑ]

数詞

forma

1. first

形容詞

forma

1. first
   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     ⁊ hē [Pirrus] hæfde XX elpenda tō þǣm ġefeohte mid him, þe Rōmane ǣr na ne ne ġesawon: hē wæs sē forma mon þe hīe ǣrest on Italium brōhte.

     And he [Pyrrhus] had twenty elephants with him in battle, which the Romans had never seen before; he was the first man to bring them to Italy.

語形変化

派生した語

• Middle English: forme, form, forrme (Ormulum)

語源

Unknown. Perhaps from an Etruscan *morma, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, fashion, appearance, outward form, contour, figure”), with dissimilation *m-m > *f-m, as seen in formīca (“ant”) and formīdō (“ghost, scarecrow”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈfoːr.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈfɔr.ma]

名詞

fōrma f (genitive fōrmae); first declension

1. form; figure, shape, appearance

   Synonyms: habitus, faciēs, species, frons

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.71–72:

     “Sunt mihi bis septem praestantī corpore nymphae,
     quārum quae fōrmā pulcherrima Dēiopēa.”

     “I have twice-seven nymphs, [each] with a gorgeous body, of whom [the nymph] who [has] the most beautiful figure [is] Deiopea.”
     (Juno attempts to bribe Aeolus with an arranged marriage. Notes: The dative of possession “sunt mihi” means “they are for me” or simply “I have.” The ablative of quality “praestanti corpore” here is singular despite the plural “nymphae.” The ablative of specification “forma” here means “with respect to appearance.”)

2. fine form; beauty
   • 2 CE, Ovid, The Art of Love 2.113:

     Fōrma bonum fragile est, quantumque accēdit ad annōs […]

     A frail advantage is beauty, that grows less as time draws on.

3. outline, plan, design
4. model, pattern, stamp, mold

   Synonyms: charta, tabula

5. (figurative) manner, kind, sort

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “forma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “forma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "forma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “forma”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “forma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "forma" in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• "forma", in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “forma”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 3: D–F, page 713
• Palmer, L.R. (1906) The Latin Language, London, Faber and Faber