figoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Back-formation from the perfect stem fīx- under the influence of such as stringō, replacing earlier fīvō, the supine stem fīx- was also later taken from the perfect stem, replacing earlier fīct-; from Proto-Italic *feigʷō, from earlier *θeigʷō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéygʷeti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”).

Cognates include English ditch, West Frisian dyk (“dam”), Dutch dijk, German Deich (“dike”) and Teich (“pond”) (all from Proto-Germanic *dīkaz), Lithuanian diegti (“to prick; plant”), dýgsti (“to geminate, grow”). Not to be confused with the probably-unrelated Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form”) (the latter whence Latin fingō (“idem”), Sanskrit देहि (dehi-, “wall”) and देह (deha, “body”)).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈfiː.ɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈfiː.ɡo]

動詞

fīgō (present infinitive fīgere, perfect active fīxī, supine fīxum or fīctum); third conjugation

1. to fasten, fix

   Synonyms: colligō, adalligō, cōnfīgō, cōnserō, dēligō, ligō, illigō, alligō, nectō, cōnectō, dēfīgō, vinculō, dēstinō

   Antonyms: explicō, absolvō, dissolvō, solvō

   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 3.4:

     E tenebris tantis tam clarum extollere lumen
     qui primus potuisti inlustrans commoda vitae,
     te sequor, o Graiae gentis decus, inque tuis nunc
     ficta pedum pono pressis vestigia signis,
     non ita certandi cupidus quam propter amorem
     quod te imitari aveo; […]

     • Translation by William Ellery Leonard, 1910

       O thou who first uplifted in such dark
       So clear a torch aloft, who first shed light
       Upon the profitable ends of man,
       O thee I follow, glory of the Greeks,
       And set my footsteps squarely planted now
       Even in the impress and the marks of thine-
       Less like one eager to dispute the palm,
       More as one craving out of very love
       That I may copy thee!

2. to transfix, pierce

   Synonyms: trānsfīgō, peragō, cōnfodiō, intrō, trāiciō, percutiō, fodiō, trānsigō

3. to erect, post, set up

   Synonyms: pono, colloco, loco, sisto, statuo, constituo, impono, defigo

4. to affirm, assert

   Synonyms: affirmō, firmō, contendō, aiō, arguō

5. to drive nails

Conjugation

• The fourth principal part may also be fīctum.

派生語

派生した語

• Aromanian: hig, higu, nhig, nhigu
• Italian: figgere
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin:
  • *fictāre
    • Galician: fitar
    • Portuguese: fitar
    • ⇒ Medieval Latin: affictāre
      • Asturian: afitar
      • Italian: affittare
  • *fīgicāre (see there for further descendants)
  • *fixāre
    • Italian: fissare
    • Sicilian: fissari

参照

Further reading

• “figo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• figo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “figo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “figo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to keep one's eyes on the ground: oculos figere in terra and in terram
    
• figo in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN