gnatusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈnaː.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɲaː.tus]

Participle

gnātus (feminine gnāta, neuter gnātum); first/second-declension participle

1. (Old Latin) alternative form of nātus (“born”)
   1. born
      • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 959:

        Nam equidem, postquam gnatus sum, numquam aegrotavi unum diem, neque ego insanio neque pugnas neque ego litis coepio.

        • 1912 translation by Henry Thomas Riley

          Why, in fact, since I was born, I have never for a single day been ill. I'm neither mad, nor do I commence strifes or quarrels.

      • c. 186 BCE, Plautus, Aulularia 2.2.49–54:

        Venit hoc mihi, Megadore, in mentem, ted esse hominem divitem,
        factiosum, me autem esse hominem pauperum pauperrimum;
        nunc si filiam locassim meam tibi, in mentem venit
        te bovem esse et me esse asellum: ubi tecum coniunctus siem,
        ubi onus nequeam ferre pariter, iaceam ego asinus in luto,
        tu me bos magis haud respicias, gnatus quasi numquam siem.

        • 1916 translation by Paul Nixon

          Now here's the way it strikes me, Megadorus,—you're a rich man, a man of position: but as for me, I'm poor, awfully poor, dreadfully poor. Now if I was to marry off my daughter to you, it strikes me you'd be the ox and I'd be the donkey. When I was hitched up with you and couldn't pull my share of the load, down I'd drop, I, the donkey, in the mud; and you, the ox, wouldn't pay any more attention to me than if I'd never been born at all.

   2. (used with the noun genere, ablative of genus (“lineage, descent, stock”)) descended from, born to
      • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 2.2.68–69:

        Ego patri meo esse fateor summas divitias domi
        meque summo genere gnatum

        • 1912 translation by Henry Thomas Riley

          I confess that my father has very great wealth at home, and that I am born of a very noble family

   3. (used with a phrase expressing age) aged (having the age of); -old
      • c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 5.4.57–59:

        Annos gnatus sexaginta qui erit, si quem scibimus
        si maritum sive hercle adeo caelibem scortarier
        cum eo nos hac lege agemus: […]

        • 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo

          If we find out that any sixty-year-old, married or unmarried, whores around, we shall deal with him according to the following law

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

名詞

gnātus m (genitive gnātī, feminine gnāta); second declension

1. (Old Latin or poetic) alternative form of nātus (“son”)

   Synonym: fīlius

   • Horatius, Sermones 2.5.30-31 (c. 35 BC, tr. H. Fairclough):

     ... fama civem causaque priorem / sperne, domi si gnatus erit fecundave coniux.

     ... spurn the citizen of the better name and cause / if he have a son at home or a fruitful wife.

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

使用する際の注意点

The noun ("son") is fairly consistently spelled with gn- in the comedies of Plautus and Terence, whereas the verbal participle ("born") is already often spelled with n- in these authors. In later authors such as Virgil, the use of the spelling gn- is a definite archaism.

参照

Further reading

• “gnatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gnatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "gnatus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “gnatus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.