hailとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: hāl, IPA: /heɪl/, [heɪ̯ɫ]
• 韻: -eɪl
• Homophone: hale

語源 1

From 中期英語 hayle, haile, hail, hawel, haghil, haȝel, from 古期英語 hæġl, hæġel, hagol (“hail”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagl, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, of uncertain origin. Either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”); or alternatively from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hail (“hail”), West Frisian heil (“hail”), Dutch hagel (“hail”), Low German Hagel (“hail”), German Hagel (“hail”), Danish hagl (“hail”), Swedish hagel (“hail”), Icelandic hagl (“hail”). Compare also Old Norse héla (“frost”). Doublet of haglaz, if the second etymology (“cold”) is correct.

Root-cognates outside of Germanic include Ancient Greek κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble”), or alternatively Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold”), possibly also Lithuanian šešėlis (“shade, shadow”), depending on the etymology.

名詞

hail (countable and uncountable, plural hails)

1. (meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.
2. (meteorology, countable) An occurrence of this type of precipitation; a hailstorm.
3. (countable, by extension) A rapid, intense barrage by a large number of projectiles or other objects.
   • 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 40:01 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎, archived from the original on 3 November 2022:

     Their lack of good intelligence also meant that they vastly overestimated the size of their foes for far too long, hails of armor-piercing shells doing comparatively little damage compared to the high explosive that they should have been using.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 haylen, haulien, hawelien, from 古期英語 hagolian, hagalian (“to hail”), from Proto-West Germanic *haglōn, from Proto-Germanic *haglōną (“to hail”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Saterland Frisian hailje (“to hail”), West Frisian heilje (“to hail”), Dutch hagelen (“to hail”), German Low German hageln (“to hail”), German hageln (“to hail”), Danish hagle (“to hail”), Swedish hagla (“to hail”), Norwegian Nynorsk hagle, hagla (“to hail”), Faroese hegla (“to hail”), Icelandic hagla (“to hail”).

動詞

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)

1. (impersonal) To have hailstones fall from the sky.

   They say it's going to hail tomorrow.

2. (intransitive) To send or release hail.

   The cloud would hail down furiously within a few minutes.

3. To pour down in rapid succession.

派生語

• hail down

語源 3

From 中期英語 heil (“healthy, sound”), from Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, entire, healthy”). The verb is from 中期英語 heilen, itself from the adjective. Doublet of whole, hale, and heil.

形容詞

hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)

1. (obsolete) Healthy, whole, safe.

動詞

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)

1. (transitive) To greet; give salutation to; salute.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 249–252:

     […] Farewel happy Fields / Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail / Infernal world, and thou profoundeſt Hell / Receive they new Poſſeſſor: […]

2. (transitive) To name; to designate; to call.
   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 28:

     Such a Son as all men hail'd me happy;

   He was hailed as a hero.

3. (transitive) To call out loudly in order to gain the attention of.

   Hail a taxi.

   • 1995, Alanis Morissette, “Hand In My Pocket”, in Jagged Little Pill:

     'Cause I've got one hand in my pocket / And the other one is hailin' a taxi cab

   1. (transitive, by extension, UK, Australia) To indicate, from a designated stop or otherwise, to the driver of a public transport vehicle that one wishes to board and travel on the vehicle, usually using hand signals such as waving.

      In Melbourne, you would usually have to hail a tram when you are travelling late at night and there are no other passengers waiting at your stop.

4. (transitive) To signal in order to initiate communication with.
5. (transitive) In the game of uppies and downies, to throw (the ball) repeatedly up and down at the goal location, in order to score a point.
6. (from) to originate (from), be native (to) or be based (in)

派生語

関連する語

• wassail

間投詞

hail

1. (archaic or poetic) An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Hail, brave friend.

派生語

アナグラム

• Hlai, hila

名詞

hail

1. alternative form of hayle (“hail”)

語源 2

形容詞

hail

1. alternative form of heil (“healthy, sound”)

名詞

hail

1. alternative form of heil (“health, welfare”)