israelとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (abbreviation) Isr.
• (misspelling) Isreal
• (surname): Yisrael
• (obsolete): Israhel

語源

From 中期英語 Israel, from 古期英語, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl), has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God", or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).

Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.

Doublet of Yisroel.

発音

• enPR: ĭzʹrā-əl, ĭzʹrē-əl; IPA: /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/, /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/

  (米国発音) enPR: ĭzʹrāl; IPA: /ˈɪz.ɹeɪl/

  (formal and posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrā-ĕl; IPA: /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/

  (in singing also) enPR: ĭzʹrī-ĕl; IPA: /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/

  (certain Carolina accents) IPA: /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/

固有名詞

Israel (countable and uncountable, plural Israels)

1. A country in Western Asia in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Official name: State of Israel.
   • 1986 June 5, Joe Biden, 01:27:00 from the start, in Senate Session‎, C-SPAN:

     If we look at the Middle East, I think it’s about time we stop those of us, who support – as most of us do – Israel in this body, for apologizing for our support for Israel. There is no apology to be made. None. It is the best $3 billion investment we make. Were there not an Israel, the United States of America would have to invent an Israel to protect her interest in the region; the United States would have to go out and invent an Israel.

   • 2019 December 3, Ruth Wisse, 31:04 from the start, in Global Anti-Semitism: A New or Old Phenomenon? (Natan Sharansky and Ruth Wisse in Conversation)‎, Jewish Broadcasting Service:

     And you know how we train for the army? We don’t train for defensive warfare. If the war against Israel ever had to be fought on Israeli soil – do I have to tell you? –, it’s an impossibility. So it’s the same thing. Don’t let the war of words ever be fought about Israel’s nature!

   • 2023 October 18, “We’re anti-Zionist Jews and we see genocide unfolding in Gaza”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     With Western support, Israel is plunging headfirst into slaughter.

2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.
3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel.
4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah.
5. (poetic, liturgical) The Jews as a people, taken collectively.
   • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema‎:

     Hear O’ Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One

   • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema‎:

     For our ancestors, for us, for our children, for every generation of the people Israel, for all ages from the first to the last, His teachings are true, everlasting.

6. A male given name from Hebrew.
   • 2016 September 1, Carl Hoffman, “The project that could help determine Israel's future”, in The Jerusalem Post‎, archived from the original on 4 February 2022:

     IF VOLFER is happy, Transportation Minister Israel Katz seems almost jubilant.

   1. Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 32:28:

        And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

7. A surname.
8. A barangay of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines.

   Synonym: Balian Israel — old name

   • 2015 June, “The Municipality of Imelda receives checks for the completion of their water system project”, in DILG IX‎:

     These are intended for the completion of the Construction of Level II Water System Project for barangays Mt. View, Little Baguio and Israel under the BuB-Water and Construction of Brgy. Bulongisan-Canaan Level II Water Supply under the SALINTUBIG Program.

使用する際の注意点

• (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea in a non-historical sense is (since the latter half of the 20th century) politically charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.

同意語

• (State of Israel): the State of Israel (official name), Israhell (derogatory), Jewsrael (derogatory), Zionistan (derogatory), Isn'treal (derogatory), Zionist entity (derogatory)
• (Land of Israel): the Land of Israel, Palestine, the Holy Land, Canaan
• (the Jews): the Children of Israel, the Israelites, Jewry, Zion

派生語

関連する語

• Israelite
• Israelitic
• Israelitish

派生した語

• → Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

参考

• Appendix:Countries of the world

• Irving (surname used to anglicize Israel)
• Zion, Judea

参照

Further reading

• Israel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Ariels, Lieras, serial, serail, railes, resail, Sal Rei, ariels, Realis, sailer, Isreal, relais, Alires, Sailer, realis

語源

From 古期英語 Israēl and Old French Israel, from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from the Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).

発音

• IPA: /ˌizraˈɛːl/, /ˈizra.ɛl/, /ˌiːraˈɛːl/, /ˈiːra.ɛl/

固有名詞

Israel

1. The Land of Israel; the historical region of Israel.
2. The ancient Kingdom of Israel.
3. Any polity in the region of Israel (e.g. the Kingdom of Jerusalem or Kingdom of Judah)
4. (rare) Christendom; the body of Christian believers.

派生した語

• English: Israel (see there for further descendants)
• Middle Scots: Israel
  • Scots: Israel

参照

• “Israēl, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɪsˈraː.eːɫ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [isˈraː.el]

固有名詞

Isrāēl m sg (genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

1. (Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.32.28:

     At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

語形変化

Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “Israel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press