larvaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin larva (“disembodied spirit, ghost, goblin”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlɑː.və/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈlɑɹ.və/
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)və
• Homophone: lava (non-rhotic)

名詞

larva (plural larvas or larvae or larvæ)

1. An early stage of growth for some insects and amphibians, in which after hatching from their egg, insects are wingless and resemble a caterpillar or grub, and amphibians lack limbs and resemble fish.
   • 1923, Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 6:

     The habits of the second nymphal stage are likewise similar to those of the larva stage.

   • 1954, Contribution - Hawaii Marine Laboratory, page 186:

     Several possible explanations are advanced for a large decrease in numbers between the egg and larva stage, namely, drift of larvae from the sampling station, escape through the meshes of the net, sinking below the surface layers, and loss from mortality. A seasonally erratic egg to larva ratio is pointed out.

2. An animal in the aforementioned stage.
   • 1920, Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, page 84:

     The young larva bores into the tissue of a tobacco leaf, usually near the place where it has emerged from the egg, in cases where the egg was laid on a leaf, and mines into the leaf.

   • 2020, Anne Sagner, Ichthy, diary of a newt larva, page 4:

     What does a mountain newt larva eat?

3. A form of a recently born or hatched animal that is quite different from its adult stage.
   • 1968, R. V. Tait, F. A. Dipper, Elements of Marine Ecology, page 344:

     In water of 5-6° C, herring hatch in about 22 days, at 11-12° C in 8–10 days. The newly hatched larva is about 6–8 mm long and at first depends on the food reserves of the yolk-sac.

   • 2014, Joel W. Martin, Jørgen Olesen, Jens T. Høeg, Atlas of Crustacean Larvae, page 199:

     Breeding females of both the Lophogastrida and Mysida carry their embryos and larvae in a marsupium, within which their entire embryonic and larval development takes place.

4. (figurative) A preliminary stage of someone or something, before it has fully matured, especially a time of growth rather than one of performance.
   • 1883, The Edinburgh Review - Volume 158, page 64:

     In the fourteenth we find, but still in Latin, a quasi-historical drama, in the larva stage of monologue recitation, founded on a subject from the national annals—that of Ezzelino, tyrant-duke of Padua.

   • 1909, Frederick Joseph Duggan, Infinity ; Or, Nature's God, page 58:

     Man's larva stage is first announced by strong pathetic squalls; — Conscious knowledge of his helplessness, — dependency, appalls, — Evokes maternal sympathy,— for him she will provide,— Most proud mother, happy parent, as he nestles by her side.

   • 1910 November, “Teaching Pupils to Study”, in The Louisiana School Review, volume 18, number 3, page 132:

     The larva stage of the child's mind demands much forage material.

   • 1915, Nervous and Mental Disease Monographs - Volumes 19-22 -, page 34:

     The larva stage possesses a libido of nutrition, if I may so express it, but not yet the libido sexualis.

   • 1930, American Childhood - Volume 16, page 10:

     After they have fairly emerged from what may be termed the larva stage, so that they can make their way about, we see them experimenting with their bodies and exploring their surroundings. Babies handle; they taste, they feel with hands and mouths, they look, and they listen; they creep and walk and climb; later they stride, trot, jump, utilizing everything they can find in their play purpose of activity.

   • 1956, Gold Coast. Legislative Assembly, Debates - Part 1, page 205:

     I would call the arrival and settlement of our forefathers in this country which we now call Ghana as the egg stage; the time between the birth of the Fante Confederacy and the time of the first Legislative Council as the larva stage; the time the Positive Action was declared as the pupa stage; and the 3rd of August, 1956, when the historic motion for independence was moved, as the full-grown stage.

   • 2021, Oleg Konovalov, The Vision Code: How to Create and Execute a Compelling Vision for Your Business, page 31:

     A vision in the larva stage uses our knowledge base to grow. We cannot see this process, but it goes on in the back of our mind, usually without our knowing it.

   • 2021, Reynaldo J Garcia, Go to the Next Level:

     We also have been in the larva stage of life. And many people will never abandon this stage. A larva is an adult of eighteen years or more. An adult that never grew up and just wakes up, work, pay bills, sleep, breathe, and so on.

使用する際の注意点

• Although the plural larvas is somewhat common, it is regarded by some as incorrect.

派生語

アナグラム

• Raval, alvar, arval, lavra

語源

Possibly from Lār (“Etruscan praenomen; titulary god”), usu. as Lares (“guardian deities”), but vowel length gradation unexplained.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫaːr.wa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlar.va]
• (pre-classical) IPA: [ˈɫaː.ru.a]

名詞

lārva f (genitive lārvae); first declension

1. spooky ghost, haunt, evil spirit, terror
2. (figuratively) horrific mask
3. banquet ghost: a skeleton doll with movable joints seated at the banquet table at Roman parties in a fashion that came about in the 1st century AD

語形変化

First-declension noun.

引用

• circa 200 B.C., Plautus, Captivi, Act 3, Scene 4, line 66:

  Larvae stimulant virum.

  The ghosts rouse the man.

派生語

• lārvālis
• lārvāns
• lārvō

派生した語

動詞

larvā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of larvō (enchant)

参照

Further reading

• “larva”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “larva”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “larva”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.