JP5060377B2 - Method and system for calculating smoke layer fall time - Google Patents

Description

  In particular, the present invention relates to a smoke layer descent time calculation method and calculation system used for building evacuation safety performance evaluation.

  Conventionally, in the field of fire safety for architectural design, an evacuation safety verification method has been widely used as a method for verifying whether a safe evacuation is possible when a fire occurs in a building. In this evacuation safety verification method, at the design stage, the time until the person in the building finishes evacuation at the time of a fire (evacuation end time) and the smoke layer formed on the evacuation route of the building by the fire has a predetermined height. The time required to descend (smoke layer descent time) is calculated. Then, the evacuation end time and the smoke layer descent time are compared to verify the safety of the building during the initial fire evacuation. Thus, in the evacuation safety verification method, it is necessary to calculate the smoke layer descent time at the design stage.

The calculated smoke layer fall time depends on various factors such as the structure of the target building and the configuration of the internal compartment. For example, factors such as how much smoke passes through the internal compartments of a building are closely related to the smoke fall time. Here, as shown in Non-Patent Document 1 below, in a general evacuation safety verification method, an internal section including a member made of glass that is not fireproofed (hereinafter referred to as “normal glass”) is considered. Sometimes, the portion of the normal glass is treated as an “opening”. This is thought to be based on the idea that ordinary glass is destroyed and dropped out in the event of a fire, and a smoke shielding effect cannot be expected.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Housing Bureau Building Guidance Division, etc., “Explanation of 2001 evacuation safety verification method and calculation example and its explanation”, March 15, 2001

  In reality, however, ordinary glass members do not fall off immediately in the event of a fire, but exhibit a certain degree of smoke shielding effect during the initial fire evacuation. In addition, for example, there is ordinary glass with a film coated on the surface for the purpose of preventing scattering at the time of an accident, and if this kind of ordinary glass is used, it is more difficult to drop off, and the film itself also blocks air movement. Demonstrates smoke shielding effect. Therefore, handling the ordinary glass part uniformly as a simple opening does not accurately reflect the actual behavior of the ordinary glass member at the time of the initial fire evacuation. It cannot be said that calculation is possible.

  For example, when considering a space adjacent to a fire room with ordinary glass in between, smoke and heat inflow from the fire room will occur from an earlier stage in the calculation. Even if “evacuation is possible”, it may be determined that “evacuation is impossible” in the calculation. In spite of the fact that it is unnecessary in reality, there are cases in which design changes such as a plan change as well as a change to a glass other than the glass or a change to an expensive fire-resistant glass may be required.

  In view of such a problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a calculation method and a calculation system capable of calculating a reasonable smoke layer fall time.

Smoke layer descent time calculation method of the present invention is a computational method for performing evacuation safety performance evaluation Smoke layer fall time of calculation used in the calculation system having a computer, space to be calculated is divided by the inner compartment The smoke movement amount calculating means included in the calculation system calculates the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized areas when at least one of the internal compartments includes glass. And a smoke fall time calculating means included in the calculation system , comprising: a smoke fall time calculating step for calculating a smoke fall time of each compartmentalized area based on the movement amount; glass movement amount calculating step, the resulting pre-fire experiments, based on the relationship between the breakdown of the elapsed time and the glass after fire, in accordance with the elapsed time after the fire The degree of progress of destruction over time is divided into multiple destruction stages, and the parameters for calculating the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized areas sandwiching the internal compartment containing the glass are determined for each destruction stage. The amount of smoke movement is changed so that the amount of smoke movement increases as it progresses, and when calculating the amount of smoke movement in the elapsed time zone after the fire that corresponds to each destruction stage, It is characterized by calculating the amount of smoke movement using parameters .

  According to the above calculation method, the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized regions sandwiching the internal compartment containing glass is calculated based on the progress of the glass over time due to fire. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a reasonable amount of smoke movement by reflecting the actual behavior of glass such that destruction gradually proceeds during a fire, and to calculate a reasonable smoke layer descent time.

Further, specifically, when it is assumed that the glass includes a film coated on the surface of the glass material, the smoke movement amount calculation means determines the progress of the glass over time in the smoke movement amount calculation step. At least a first breaking stage before cracks occur in the glass, a second breaking stage after cracks occur in the glass until the film reaches the performance limit, and a third stage after the film reaches the performance limit. In addition to the breakdown stage, the first parameter corresponding to the first breakdown stage, the second parameter corresponding to the second breakdown stage, and the third parameter corresponding to the third breakdown stage are used as parameters. The amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter, and the amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the second destruction stage is calculated. , Calculated using the two-parameter, the movement amount of smoke in the time zone after fire corresponding to the third fracture stage, it may be calculated using the third parameter.

  In the event of a fire, it is assumed that the glass with the film coated on the surface will be cracked in the actual destruction process, the film will reach the performance limit, and the glass will fall off in order. Therefore, it is reasonable to change the above parameters with these events as a boundary. Therefore, according to this calculation method, it is possible to obtain a reasonable amount of smoke movement that reflects the actual glass breaking process.

Further, specifically, when it is assumed that the glass does not include a film coated on the surface of the glass material, the smoke movement amount calculation means proceeds the destruction of the glass over time in the smoke movement amount calculation step. The degree is divided into at least a first fracture stage before cracks occur in the glass and a second fracture stage after cracks occur in the glass, and the first parameter corresponding to the first fracture stage is used as a parameter. And the second parameter corresponding to the second destruction stage, the amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter, and the second parameter The amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the destruction stage may be calculated using the second parameter .

  In the event of a fire, it is assumed that glass that does not have a film coated on its surface will experience cracking and glass dropout during the actual destruction process. It is reasonable to change a parameter for calculating the amount of smoke moving through the glass. Therefore, according to this calculation method, it is possible to obtain a reasonable amount of smoke movement that reflects the actual glass breaking process.

The smoke layer fall time calculation system of the present invention is a smoke layer fall time calculation system used for evacuation safety performance evaluation, and includes a plurality of compartmentalized areas in which a calculation target space is partitioned by internal compartments. When at least one of the internal compartments contains glass, smoke movement amount calculating means for calculating the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized regions, and calculating the smoke fall time of each compartmented region based on the amount of movement A smoke descent time calculation means, and the smoke movement amount calculation means is based on the relationship between the elapsed time after the fire and the degree of breakage of the glass obtained as a result of a prior fire experiment. The degree of progress of destruction of the glass over time according to the elapsed time is divided into multiple destruction stages, and parameters for calculating the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized areas sandwiching the internal compartment containing the glass are set for each destruction stage. Every As the destruction of the lath progresses, gradually change so that the amount of smoke movement is calculated, and when calculating the amount of smoke movement in the elapsed time zone after the fire that corresponds to each destruction stage, The amount of smoke movement is calculated using each corresponding parameter .

  According to this calculation system, the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized regions sandwiching the internal compartment containing glass is calculated based on the progress of the glass over time due to fire. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a reasonable amount of smoke movement by reflecting the actual behavior of glass such that destruction gradually proceeds during a fire, and to calculate a reasonable smoke layer descent time.

Specifically, when it is assumed that the glass includes a film coated on the surface of the glass material, the smoke movement amount calculating means indicates the progress of the destruction of the glass over time, and at least cracks in the glass. The first breakage stage before the occurrence of the crack, the second breakage stage until the film reaches the performance limit after the crack occurs in the glass, and the third breakage stage after the film reaches the performance limit. The first parameter corresponding to the first destruction stage, the second parameter corresponding to the second destruction stage, and the third parameter corresponding to the third destruction stage are used as parameters, and the first destruction stage is handled. The first parameter is used to calculate the amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the fire occurs. The second parameter is used to calculate the amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the fire corresponding to the second destruction stage. Calculation And, a movement amount of smoke in the time zone after fire corresponding to the third fracture stage, may be calculated using the third parameter.

Further, specifically, when it is assumed that the glass does not include a film coated on the surface of the glass material, the smoke movement amount calculation means has at least the degree of progress of destruction of the glass over time. While dividing into the 1st destruction stage before a crack generate | occur | produces and the 2nd destruction stage after a crack generate | occur | produces in glass, as a parameter, the 1st parameter corresponding to a 1st destruction stage and a 2nd destruction stage Using the corresponding second parameter, the amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter, and the fire occurrence corresponding to the second destruction stage The amount of smoke movement in a later time zone may be calculated using the second parameter .

  According to the smoke layer fall time calculation method and calculation system of the present invention, a reasonable smoke layer fall time can be calculated.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a smoke layer fall time calculation method and calculation system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The evacuation safety verification system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a system that executes an evacuation safety verification method that verifies whether safe evacuation is possible when a fire occurs in a building. In this evacuation safety verification system 100, in particular, a building in which the interior is partitioned by internal partitions such as walls and partition walls and a plurality of partitioned areas are formed is handled. Here, the “internal section” refers to a section that contacts only the space in the building, and is different from the “external section” that contacts the outside air. In the evacuation safety verification method, in the design stage, the time until the person in the building finishes evacuation (evacuation end time) and the smoke layer formed on the evacuation route of the building falls to a predetermined height. The time (smoke layer descent time) is obtained by calculation, and the safety of the building during the initial fire evacuation is verified. The evacuation safety verification system 100 includes the smoke layer fall time calculation system 1 according to the present invention in order to calculate the smoke layer fall time. Furthermore, the evacuation safety verification system 100 includes an evacuation end time calculation system 3 for calculating the evacuation end time.

  The smoke layer falling time calculation system 1 includes a building condition input unit 11 for inputting various conditions related to the movement of smoke in the building, and a data storage unit 13 for storing parameters necessary for calculating the smoke layer falling time. It has. In addition, the smoke layer fall time calculation system 1 calculates the smoke layer fall time based on various conditions input from the building condition input unit 11 and each parameter stored in the data storage unit 13. A time calculation unit 15 is provided. Further, the smoke layer fall time calculation system 1 includes a result output unit 17 that outputs the result of the smoke layer fall time calculated by the smoke layer fall time calculation unit 15 by a monitor display or the like. The smoke layer descent time calculation unit 15 calculates the movement amount of smoke per unit time between the partitioned areas in the building, and the smoke movement amount calculation unit 21 based on the movement amount of the smoke. A smoke layer descending time calculating unit 23 for calculating a time for the smoke layer to be formed to descend to a predetermined height;

  The evacuation end time calculation system 3 includes a building condition input unit 31 for inputting various conditions related to evacuation of the building, a data storage unit 33 for storing parameters necessary for calculating the evacuation end time, and an evacuation end time. An evacuation end time calculation unit 35 that performs the above calculation, and a result output unit 37 that outputs the calculated evacuation end time result on a monitor display or the like.

  Next, the smoke fall time calculation process performed by the smoke layer fall time calculation unit 15 will be described.

  For example, consider a case where a building 110 as shown in FIG. The building 110 includes three partitioned areas such as a living room 101, a corridor 102, and a staircase 103. In addition, the building 110 includes two internal sections such as a partition W1 between the living room 101 and the hallway 102 and a partition W2 between the hallway 102 and the staircase 103. The partition W1 includes a normal glass window G1. Hereinafter, a case where the smoke layer falling time ts of the corridor 102 is calculated when the room 101 of the building 110 becomes a fire room will be considered.

Ａ_ｒｏｏｍ：廊下の床面積（ｍ^２）
Ｈ_ｒｏｏｍ：廊下の平均天井高さ（ｍ）
Ｈ_ｌｉｍ ：限界煙層高さ（ｍ）
Ｖ_ｓ：煙移動量（ｍ^３／秒）
Ｖ_ｅ：有効排煙量（ｍ^３／秒）
Here, the smoke layer fall time ts of the corridor 102 is expressed by the following formula (1) using the calculation formula used in the route B in the Building Standard Law Notification.

A _room : Floor area of hallway (m ² )
H _room : average ceiling height of hallway (m)
H _lim : Limit smoke layer height (m)
V _s : Smoke movement (m ³ / sec)
V _e : Effective smoke emission (m ³ / sec)

_{Incidentally,} A _{room room, H} room room, such as buildings conditions and _{H lim} relating to the structure of the building 110, such as _{V e} conditions are input in advance to the building condition input unit 11 (FIG. 1).

Ｖ_ｓ：煙移動量（ｍ^３／秒）
α ：常温時の流量係数（０≦α≦１）
Ａ ：開口面積（ｍ^２）
ρ ：密度（ｋｇ／ｍ^３）
ΔＰ：差圧（Ｐａ）
ｎ ：通常１〜２の間の値
The smoke movement amount Vs is a movement amount per unit time of smoke moving from the living room 101 to the corridor 102. The living room 101 and the corridor 102 are partitioned by a partition W1 including the glass window G1, but in the conventional evacuation safety verification method, in calculating the smoke movement amount Vs, the portion of the glass window G1 is calculated as “opening portion”. ". That is, the glass window G1 is considered to be dropped immediately during the initial fire evacuation and does not exhibit the smoke shielding effect, and calculation is performed. In addition to the calculation formula of the notification, the following formula (2), which uses the air flow through the original compartment at normal temperature as the formula for the amount of smoke movement, is the general idea. The behavior of glass at high temperatures due to fire is not considered.

V _s : Smoke movement (m ³ / sec)
α: Flow coefficient at room temperature (0 ≦ α ≦ 1)
A: Opening area (m ² )
ρ: density (kg / m ³ )
ΔP: differential pressure (Pa)
n: Usually a value between 1 and 2

ａ ：ガラスの破壊状況に応じて変化するパラメータ
However, the glass in the actual glass window G1 does not fall off immediately immediately after the occurrence of the fire, and is not destroyed by withstanding the heating for several minutes until the glass breaking temperature is reached. The amount of smoke movement in the actual glass window G1 Vs is kept smaller than the amount of smoke movement in the “opening”. Accordingly, the glass window G1 has a smoke shielding effect that is at least larger than that of the opening at the time of the initial fire evacuation. As a result, the actual smoke movement amount is smaller than the value obtained by the above equation (2). Become. Therefore, in calculating the smoke layer descent time in the evacuation safety verification method of the present invention, the actual movement of the glass window G1 as described above is taken into consideration, and instead of the formula (2), the smoke movement amount Vs is expressed by the following formula. (3)

a: Parameter that varies depending on the breaking condition of glass

For example, ordinary glass is gradually broken such that a crack occurs after a certain period of time after a fire and drops off after a certain period of time has elapsed after the occurrence of the crack. Thus, with the progress of the destruction of the glass window G1 due to a fire, it is considered that the parameter a in the above equation (3) is increased during the initial fire evacuation. Therefore, if the parameter a is changed according to the expected destruction behavior of the glass window G1 along the elapsed time from the occurrence of the fire, the smoke movement amount Vs taking into consideration the destruction behavior of the actual glass window G1 is obtained. It becomes possible to ask. For example, the parameter a is a function of the glass surface temperature _TG (a = f (T _G )), and the numerical value is increased according to the breaking condition of the glass.

  As this calculation method, there are a calculation method based on a notification and a fluid analysis such as a two-layer zone model. When a two-layer zone model or the like is used, calculation is performed by giving an opening ratio between the living room 101 and the corridor 102.

  How to change the parameter a along the elapsed time from the occurrence of a fire may be derived based on a crack generation temperature and a crack generation time derived from a fire experiment in advance. In the fire experiment, the glass heating surface temperature, the temperature difference between the glass heating surface and the back surface, the temperature difference between the glass center portion and the edge portion, the distortion of the glass, the amount of air leakage, etc. are arranged. In order to determine the transition of the degree of breakage of the glass, the temperature of the adjacent space (in this case, the living room 101 and the corridor 102) sandwiching the glass is obtained by numerical analysis using a two-layer zone model, a multilayer zone model, or a CFD. A method of obtaining the glass temperature with an analysis tool such as ABAQUS or BREAK1 is used.

  Further, how the parameter a is changed also depends on the characteristics of the glass employed as the glass window G1. For example, as the glass window G1, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, glass (hereinafter referred to as “film”) in which a film 53 is coated on both sides or one side of a glass material 51 for the purpose of preventing scattering at the time of an accident. "Attached glass") may be employed. Or as shown in FIG.3 (c), the glass (henceforth "filmless glass") which such a film is not coat | covered may be employ | adopted. Depending on the presence or absence of such a film, the breaking behavior of the glass window G1 varies.

  Hereinafter, the change of the parameter a after the occurrence of a fire and the calculation of the smoke layer fall time ts will be described separately for a case where glass with a film is employed as the glass window G1 and a case where glass without a film is employed.

(When using glass with film as glass window G1)
When glass with a film is used as the glass window G1, the following destruction behavior of the glass window G1 is assumed. First, a crack occurs in the glass window G1 after a certain amount of time has elapsed since the occurrence of the fire. Thereafter, as time elapses, the temperature of the glass window G1 rises and reaches the performance limit of the coated film 53. And if a certain amount of time passes in this state, the glass window G1 will fall out completely. The process from the occurrence of fire to the occurrence of cracks in the glass window G1 is defined as “first stage”, and the period from the occurrence of cracks in the glass window G1 until the film reaches the performance limit is defined as “second stage”. The process until the glass window G1 is dropped is referred to as a “third stage”, and the glass window G1 after the drop is referred to as a “fourth stage”. Here, “the film reaches the performance limit” means a state in which the adhesive force of the film 53 to the glass material 51 is lost or the film 53 is torn along the crack of the glass material 51.

In the first stage, the amount of air leakage of the glass window G1 is evaluated by the amount of gap between the sash and the glass, and the flow coefficient αF is determined. Corresponding to the flow coefficient αF, the parameter a of the flow coefficient in the first stage smoke movement amount Vs (Equation (3)) is set to a = a ₁ . In the second stage, the amount of air leakage increases due to cracks generated in the glass window G1, so the parameter a is a = a ₂ (a ₂ ≧ a ₁ ). At this time, if it is considered that the film completely prevents air leakage through the crack, the influence of the crack may be ignored and a ₂ = a ₁ may be set. In the third stage, the glass window G1 partially falls off due to the film reaching the performance limit, and the opening area increases and the amount of air leakage further increases. = A ₃ (a ₃ ≧ a ₂ ). Further, in the fourth stage in which the glass window G1 is completely dropped, the amount of air leakage in the glass window G1 further increases, so the parameter a is a = a ₄ (a ₄ ≧ a ₃ ). The information on the transition of the parameter a at each stage as described above is obtained by a prior experiment and is stored in the data storage unit 13 in advance.

In the third stage, it may be assumed that the glass window G1 is completely dropped immediately after the film 51 reaches the performance limit. In this case, the fourth stage is omitted, and the third stage. The parameter a3 is set to a ₃ = a ₄ .

Based on the various conditions of the building 100 input from the building condition input unit 11, the smoke movement amount calculation unit 21 of the smoke layer descent time calculation unit 15 determines the air temperature of the living room 101 (fire room), the living room 101, the corridor 102, Pressure difference, the amount of air movement between the living room 101 and the hallway 102, and the like, and finally, based on the parameter a stored in the data storage unit 13 as described above, using the equation (3), the hallway The smoke layer movement amount Vs of 102 is obtained. That is, at the time of the initial fire evacuation, the smoke movement amount Vs is obtained as a = a ₁ in the first stage time zone, and the smoke movement amount Vs is obtained as a = a ₂ in the second stage time zone. In the third stage time zone, the smoke movement amount Vs is obtained with a = a ₃ , and in the fourth stage time zone, the smoke movement amount Vs is obtained with a = a ₄ (smoke movement amount calculation). Step).

  Thereafter, the smoke layer fall time calculation unit 23 of the smoke layer fall time calculation unit 15 accumulates the smoke movement amount Vs at each stage, and finally uses the formula (1) to obtain the limit smoke layer height in the corridor 102. The reaching smoke layer fall time ts is calculated (smoke fall time calculation step). In addition, in the case where the internal compartment forming the fire chamber includes a plurality of glass portions, when assuming a central fire source (fire generated at the center of the chamber, that is, at a position away from the glass window G1), a smoke layer The above calculation is performed assuming that the movement of smoke occurs when the glass becomes below the installation height of each glass part. In the case of a local fire source, the above calculation is performed only for the glass portion near the fire source. In addition, as described above, the time zone in which each of the above-described 1 to 4 stages is switched is, for example, the temperature of the adjacent space (in this case, the living room 101 and the corridor 102) sandwiching the glass window G1, by using a two-layer zone model or CFD. The temperature of the glass is obtained using an analysis tool such as ABAQUS or BREAK1.

  Thereafter, the result output unit 17 outputs the calculated smoke layer descending time ts by, for example, a monitor display. Further, in this evacuation safety verification system 100, the smoke layer descent time ts reaching the above limit smoke layer height and the evacuation end time separately obtained by the evacuation end time calculation system 3 are compared in magnitude, and the evacuation in the corridor 102 is performed. May be determined.

(When glass without film is used as glass window G1)
When glass without a film is used as the glass window G1, the following destruction behavior of the glass window G1 is assumed. First, a crack occurs in the glass window G1 after a certain amount of time has elapsed since the occurrence of the fire. Thereafter, when a certain amount of time elapses in this state, the glass window G1 is completely dropped. The period from the occurrence of a fire to the occurrence of a crack is referred to as a “first stage”, the period from the occurrence of a crack to the dropping of the glass window G1 is referred to as a “second stage”, and the period after the dropping of the glass window G1 is referred to as a “third stage”.

In the first stage, the amount of air leakage of the glass window G1 is evaluated by the amount of gap between the sash and the glass, and the flow coefficient α _G is determined. Corresponding to the flow coefficient α _G , the flow coefficient parameter a in the first stage smoke movement amount Vs (Equation (3)) is set to a = a ₁₁ . In the second stage, the amount of air leakage increases due to cracks generated in the glass window G1, so the parameter a is a = a ₁₂ (a ₁₂ ≧ a ₁₁ ). In the third stage in which the glass window G1 is completely dropped, the amount of air leakage in the glass window G1 further increases, so the parameter a is a = a ₁₃ (a ₁₃ ≧ a ₁₂ ).

In the second stage, it may be assumed that the glass window G1 is completely dropped immediately after the occurrence of the crack. In this case, the third step is omitted, the parameter _{a 12} in the second _stage, are _a 12 ₌ a _13. The information on the transition of the parameter a at each stage as described above is obtained by a prior experiment and is stored in the data storage unit 13 in advance.

  In addition, since the process after this is the same as the case where the glass window G1 employ | adopts glass with a film, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Next, the physical configuration of the evacuation safety verification system 100 will be described. FIG. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram of the evacuation safety verification system 100. The evacuation safety verification system 100 physically includes a CPU 211, a RAM 212 and a ROM 213 as main storage devices, an auxiliary storage device 215 such as a hard disk, an input device 216 such as a keyboard and mouse as input devices, and an output device 217 such as a display. It is configured as a computer system including the above. The elements shown in FIG. 1 operate the input device 216 and the output device 217 under the control of the CPU 211 by reading predetermined computer software on the hardware such as the CPU 211 and the RAM 212 shown in FIG. At the same time, data is read and written in the RAM 212 and the auxiliary storage device 215 to be realized in software.

  As described above, according to the smoke layer fall time calculation system 1 and the calculation method of the evacuation safety verification system 100, the smoke movement amount Vs in the glass window G1 is based on the progress of the destruction of the glass over time due to fire. Is calculated. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a reasonable amount of smoke movement in consideration of the actual behavior of glass such that breakage gradually proceeds during a fire, and to calculate a reasonable smoke layer descent time.

(Example)
Hereinafter, as a more specific example, calculation results actually performed by the present inventors using the smoke layer falling time calculation system 1 will be described.

In this calculation example, a building 500 as shown in FIG. 5 is used as a calculation target, and calculation is performed using a two-layer zone model. This building 500 includes a fire room 501, a corridor 502, a front room 503, a staircase room 504, and an office room 505. As dimensions shown in the figure, floor area of the fire chamber 501 and corridors 502 are each 100 m ^2, 40 m ^2, average ceiling height of each chamber is 2.6m both chambers. In addition, this building 500 is assumed not to be equipped with smoke exhausting equipment.

  A partition W11 between the fire chamber 501 and the corridor 502 includes a rectangular glass window G11. The upper end of the glass window G11 is 2.1 m from the floor, the lower end is 0 m from the floor, and the width of the glass window G11 is 4.1 m. The partition W12 between the hallway 102 and the front room 503, the partition W14 between the hallway 102 and the office room 505, and the partition W15 between the fire room 501 and the office room 505 are all walls that do not include a glass portion.

  Under the above conditions, assuming the central fire source of the fire room, the smoke layer descent time of the corridor 502 adjacent to the fire room 501 and the glass window G11 was calculated. And the transition of the smoke layer height in the corridor 502 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, a study case where the glass window G11 is made of glass with a film is shown as a graph 601 and a study case where the glass window G11 is made of glass without a film is shown as a graph 602. For comparison, the result of a calculation method for handling the glass window G11 as an opening from the beginning of the fire is also shown as a graph 603 in FIG. In each case 601, 602, 603, the time when the limit smoke layer height is reached is ts1, ts2, ts3, respectively.

  As shown in the graph 603, according to the conventional calculation method, the time ts3 when the smoke layer height reaches 1.8 m is ts3 = 104 seconds.

  A graph 601 in FIG. 6 shows a transition when the glass window G11 is glass with a film. In this calculation example, the idea that the glass window G11 is completely dropped immediately after the film of the glass window G11 reaches the performance limit is adopted. That is, the progress of the destruction of the glass window G11 is the “first stage” from the occurrence of the fire to the occurrence of the crack, the “second stage” from the occurrence of the crack to the performance limit of the film / the dropping of the glass window G11, and the glass window G11. It is divided into three stages such as “third stage” after the drop-out of.

According to this calculation example, a crack was generated in the glass window G11 after 147 seconds from the occurrence of the fire, and the film reached the performance limit after 224 seconds from the occurrence of the fire. That is, the first stage is 0 to 147 seconds after the occurrence of the fire, the second stage is 147 to 224 seconds after the occurrence of the fire, and the third stage is 224 seconds after the occurrence of the fire. When the flow coefficient α = 0.007, the smoke movement amount Vs is calculated with the parameter a = 1.0 in the first stage, the parameter a = 1.0 in the second stage, and the parameter a = 110 in the third stage. Has been. As a result, the time ts1 (smoke layer fall time) for the smoke layer height to reach the limit smoke layer height H _lim = 1.8 m was calculated as ts1 = 183.5 seconds as shown in the graph 601. In graph 601, the smoke layer height suddenly drops at the time of switching from the second stage to the third stage (224 seconds after the occurrence of the fire), but this is blocked by the glass window G11 and fires. This corresponds to the phenomenon that the smoke accumulated in the chamber 501 suddenly flows into the hallway 502 after the glass window G11 is dropped.

  Moreover, the graph 602 of FIG. 6 has shown transition when the glass window G11 is made into glass without a film. In this calculation example, the idea that the glass window G11 is completely dropped immediately after the occurrence of a crack in the glass G11 is adopted. That is, the progress of the destruction of the glass window G11 is divided into two stages, “first stage” from the occurrence of a fire to crack generation / dropping of the glass window G11, and “second stage” after dropping of the glass window G1. .

According to this calculation example, a result that a crack occurred in the glass window G11 after 147 seconds from the occurrence of the fire and the glass window G11 dropped off was obtained. That is, the first stage is 0 to 147 seconds after the occurrence of fire, and the second stage is after 147 seconds after the occurrence of fire. When the flow coefficient α = 0.007, the smoke movement amount Vs is calculated with the parameter a = 1.0 in the first stage and the parameter a = 110 in the second stage. As a result, the time ts2 (smoke layer fall time) for the smoke layer height to reach the limit smoke layer height H _lim = 1.8 m was calculated as ts2 = 148.5 seconds as shown in the graph 602. Note that in graph 602, the smoke layer height suddenly drops when switching from the first stage to the second stage (after 147 seconds from the occurrence of the fire), but this is blocked by the glass window G11 and fires. This corresponds to the phenomenon that the smoke accumulated in the chamber 501 suddenly flows into the hallway 502 after the glass window G11 is dropped.

  As described above, according to the smoke layer falling time calculation system 1, the destruction behavior of the actual glass window G11 is taken into consideration by changing the parameter a in accordance with the assumed progress of the destruction of the glass window G11. Results were obtained.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the limit smoke layer height H _lim = 1.8 m, ts1 = 183.5 seconds, ts2 = 148.5 seconds, and ts3 = 104 seconds. As described above, according to the smoke layer fall time calculation system 1, the smoke layer fall times ts1 and ts2 are calculated longer than the conventional calculation method in which the glass window G11 is handled as an opening. Therefore, according to the smoke layer descending time calculation system 1, even if it is actually “evacuable”, it can be avoided that it is determined that “evacuation is impossible” in the calculation.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. In the above embodiment, the parameter a is changed stepwise, such as 2 to 4, but the parameter a may be changed continuously to reflect the continuous fracture behavior of the glass.

  In addition, there are two types of fire source positions in the fire: central fire source (fire that occurs at the center of the room, that is, a position away from the glass window G1), and local fire source (fire that occurs near the glass window G1). Conceivable. Among these, when assuming a central fire source, it is as having shown in the above-mentioned embodiment. However, in the case of a local fire source, the same handling as the central fire source is performed until a time when a large opening occurs in the glass window G1. After the time when the large opening is generated, the glass window G1 may be handled as having no glass.

It is a block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the evacuation safety verification system with which the smoke layer fall time calculation system which concerns on this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the building of calculation object by the smoke fall time calculation system shown by FIG. (A)-(c) is sectional drawing which shows each example of the glass employ | adopted as a glass window in the building of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the hardware constitutions of the evacuation safety verification system shown by FIG. It is a top view which shows the building of calculation object of the example of calculation which the present inventors performed. It is a graph which shows transition of smoke layer height as a result of the example of calculation which the present inventors performed.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Smoke layer fall time calculation system, 21 ... Smoke movement amount calculation part (smoke movement amount calculation means), 23 ... Smoke layer fall time calculation part (smoke layer fall time calculation means), 51 ... Glass material, 53 ... Film, 101, 501 ... Living room (compartmental area), 102, 502 ... Corridor (compartmental area), 110, 500 ... Building (space for calculation), W1, W2, W11 ... Wall (internal compartment), G1, G11 ... Glass window.

Claims (6)

A calculation method for calculating smoke layer descent time used for evacuation safety performance evaluation in a computer system having a computer ,
When the space to be calculated includes a plurality of compartmentalized areas partitioned by internal compartments, and at least one of the internal compartments includes glass,
The smoke movement amount calculating means provided in the calculation system calculates a smoke movement amount between each of the compartmentalized areas, and a smoke movement amount calculation step,
The smoke fall time calculation means provided in the calculation system comprises a smoke fall time calculation step for calculating the smoke fall time of each of the compartmentalized areas based on the movement amount,
In the smoke movement amount calculation means, the smoke movement amount calculation means
Based on the relationship between the elapsed time after the occurrence of a fire and the degree of breakage of the glass, obtained as a result of a prior fire experiment, a plurality of degrees of progress of the destruction of the glass over time according to the elapsed time after the occurrence of the fire Divided into destruction stages,
A parameter for calculating the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized regions sandwiching the inner compartment containing the glass, the amount of movement of the smoke increases as the destruction of the glass proceeds for each of the breaking stages. Change it sequentially as calculated,
When calculating the movement amount of the smoke in the elapsed time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to each destruction stage, calculating the movement amount of the smoke using each parameter corresponding to each destruction stage. A calculation method of smoke layer fall time characterized by Assuming that the glass comprises a film coated on a glass material surface,
In the smoke movement amount calculation means, the smoke movement amount calculation means
The progress of breakage of the glass over time is at least a first breakage stage before a crack is generated in the glass, and a second breakage until the film reaches a performance limit after the crack is generated in the glass. And a third destruction stage after the film reaches a performance limit, and the parameters include a first parameter corresponding to the first destruction stage and a second corresponding to the second destruction stage. Using a parameter and a third parameter corresponding to the third destruction stage,
The amount of movement of the smoke in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter,
The amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the fire corresponding to the second destruction stage is calculated using the second parameter,
The smoke layer descent time calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the smoke movement amount in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the third destruction stage is calculated using the third parameter. . Assuming that the glass does not have a film coated on the glass surface,
In the smoke movement amount calculation means, the smoke movement amount calculation means
The degree of progress of breakage of the glass with time is divided into at least a first breakage stage before cracks occur in the glass and a second breakage stage after cracks occur in the glass, and the parameters Using a first parameter corresponding to the first destruction stage and a second parameter corresponding to the second destruction stage,
The amount of movement of the smoke in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter,
2. The smoke layer descent time calculation method according to claim 1, wherein a movement amount of the smoke in a time zone after the occurrence of a fire corresponding to the second destruction stage is calculated using the second parameter. . A smoke layer descent time calculation system used for evacuation safety performance evaluation,
When the space to be calculated includes a plurality of compartmentalized areas partitioned by internal compartments, and at least one of the internal compartments includes glass,
A smoke movement amount calculating means for calculating a movement amount of smoke between the compartmentalized areas;
Smoke fall time calculation means for calculating the smoke fall time of each of the compartmentalized areas based on the amount of movement,
The smoke movement amount calculating means is
Based on the relationship between the elapsed time after the occurrence of a fire and the degree of breakage of the glass, obtained as a result of a prior fire experiment, a plurality of degrees of progress of the destruction of the glass over time according to the elapsed time after the occurrence of the fire Divided into destruction stages,
A parameter for calculating the amount of smoke movement between the compartmentalized regions sandwiching the inner compartment containing the glass, the amount of movement of the smoke increases as the destruction of the glass proceeds for each of the breaking stages. Change it sequentially as calculated,
When calculating the movement amount of the smoke in the elapsed time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to each destruction stage, calculating the movement amount of the smoke using each parameter corresponding to each destruction stage. A smoke layer descent time calculation system. Assuming that the glass comprises a film coated on a glass material surface,
The smoke movement amount calculating means is
The progress of breakage of the glass over time is at least a first breakage stage before a crack is generated in the glass, and a second breakage until the film reaches a performance limit after the crack is generated in the glass. And a third destruction stage after the film reaches a performance limit, and the parameters include a first parameter corresponding to the first destruction stage and a second corresponding to the second destruction stage. Using a parameter and a third parameter corresponding to the third destruction stage,
The amount of movement of the smoke in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter,
The amount of smoke movement in the time zone after the fire corresponding to the second destruction stage is calculated using the second parameter,
The smoke layer fall time calculation system according to claim 4, wherein the smoke movement amount in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the third destruction stage is calculated using the third parameter. . Assuming that the glass does not have a film coated on the glass surface,
The smoke movement amount calculating means is
The degree of progress of breakage of the glass with time is divided into at least a first breakage stage before cracks occur in the glass and a second breakage stage after cracks occur in the glass, and the parameters Using a first parameter corresponding to the first destruction stage and a second parameter corresponding to the second destruction stage,
The amount of movement of the smoke in the time zone after the occurrence of the fire corresponding to the first destruction stage is calculated using the first parameter,
5. The smoke layer fall time calculation system according to claim 4, wherein a movement amount of the smoke in a time zone after the occurrence of a fire corresponding to the second destruction stage is calculated using the second parameter. .

Images