Religioとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Attested in classical Latin (1st century BCE); perhaps from the unattested verb *religō (“to observe, to venerate”) +‎ -io, which could go back (via Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”)) to Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg-. (Can this etymology be sourced?) Frequently used by Cicero, who alternatively linked the word with relegō. Afterwards, the word was linked (mainly by Christian authors) to religō and obligātiō. De Vaan (2008:341), too, tentatively suggests a connection to ligō (“to bind”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /reˈli.ɡi.oː/, [rɛˈlʲɪɡioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /reˈli.d͡ʒi.o/, [reˈliːd͡ʒio]

名詞

religiō f (genitive religiōnis); third declension

1. scrupulousness, conscientious exactness
2. piety, religious scruple, religious awe, superstition, strict religious observance
3. scruples, conscientiousness
4. religious obligation, sacred obligation
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita II.32:

     nullam scelere religionem exsolvi

     • Translation by Rev. Canon Roberts

       No religious obligation could be dissolved by a crime

5. (of religious objects) sanctity
   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.1.46:

     Est enim tanta apud eos eius fani religio atque antiquitas ut in eo loco ipsum Apollinem natum esse arbitrentur.

     The sanctity and antiquity of that temple is so great that they think Apollo himself was born in that place.

6. an object of worship, holy thing, holy place

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

引用

• 1772-1778 Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ by Finnur Jónsson, chapter one (Google books)

  De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

  Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

関連する語

• religiōsus
• cuius regiō, eius religiō

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “religio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “religio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• religio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• religio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• religio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • one thing still makes me hesitate: unus mihi restat scrupulus (Ter. Andr. 5. 4. 37) (cf. too religio, sect. XI. 2)
    
  • to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
    
  • ritual; ceremonial: sacra, res divinae, religiones, caerimoniae
    
  • to inspire with religious feeling, with the fear of God: imbuere (vid. sect. VII. 7, note imbuere...) pectora religione
    
  • to fill the souls of one's audience with devotion: audientium animos religione perfundere (Liv. 10. 388)
    
  • to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others: religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121)
    
  • to annihilate all religious feeling: omnem religionem tollere, delere
    
  • to shake the foundations of religion: religionem labefactare (vid. sect. V. 7, note In Latin metaphor...)
    
  • to have power over the people by trading on their religious scruples: religione obstrictos habere multitudinis animos (Liv. 6. 1. 10)
    
  • to inspire some one with religious scruples: religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid religioni habere or in religionem vertere
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid in religionem alicui venit
    
  • absence of scruples, unconscientiousness: nulla religio
    
  • to embrace a strange religion: religionem externam suscipere
    
  • to introduce a new religion, a new cult: novas religiones instituere
    
  • a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
    
  • to invoke an irrevocable curse on the profanation of sacred rites: violatas caerimonias inexpiabili religione sancire (Tusc. 1. 12. 27)
    
  • to keep one's oath: iusiurandum (religionem) servare, conservare
    
• “religio”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

発音

• (General American) IPA: /rɛˈlɪdʒioʊ/, [ɹəˈɫɪ.d͡ʒi.oʊ̯]

接頭辞

religio-

1. combining form of religion

派生語