Tortとは 意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-tort

1. To make something change its shape.

派生語

• contort
• detort
• distort
• extort
• retort

アナグラム

• ROTT, Rott, TRTO, Trot, trot

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɔːt/
• (General American) enPR: tô(ɹ)t, IPA: /tɔɹt/
• 異形同音異義語: torte; taught, taut (non-rhotic)
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)t

語源 1

From 中期英語 tort (“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”), from Old French tort (“misdeed, wrong”) (modern French tort (“an error, wrong; a fault”)), from Medieval Latin tortum (“injustice, wrong”), a noun use of a neuter singular participle form of Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”), the perfect passive participle of torqueō (“to bend or twist awry, distort”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).

名詞

tort (plural torts)

1. (law) A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages. [from late 16th c.]

   Synonyms: (Scots law) delict, tortfeasance; see also Thesaurus:misdeed

   • [1628, Edw[ard] Coke, “Of Rents”, in The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. […], London: […] [Adam Islip] for the Societe of Stationers, →OCLC, book 2, chapter 12, section 234, folio 158, verso:

     […] Wrong or Iniury, is in French aptly called Tort, becauſe Iniury & wrong is wreſted or crooked, being contrary to that which is right and ſtreight. […] And Britton ſaith that Tort a la ley eſt contrarye [a wrong to the law is contrary], and as aptly for the cauſe aforeſaid is iniury in English called wrong.]

   • 1768, William Blackstone, “Of Wrongs, and Their Remedies, Respecting the Rights of Persons”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117:

     Personal actions are ſuch vvhereby a man claims a debt, or perſonal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and likevviſe vvhereby a man claims a ſatisfaction in damages for ſome injury done to his perſon or property. The former are ſaid to be founded on contracts, the latter upon torts or vvrongs: […] of the latter all actions for treſpaſſes, nuſances, aſſaults, defamatory vvords, and the like.

   • 1891, Henry Campbell Black, “TORT”, in A Dictionary of Law […], St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 1178, column 1:

     A tort is a legal wrong committed upon the person or property independent of contract. It may be either (1) a direct invasion of some legal right of the individual; (2) the infraction of some public duty by which special damage accrues to the individual; (3) the violation of some private obligation by which like damage accrues to the individual.

2. (obsolete) An injury or wrong. [late 14th – 18th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4, page 172:

     Then gan triumphant Trompets ſovvnd on hye, / That ſent to heuen the ecchoed report / Of their nevv ioy, and happie victory / Gainſt him, that had them long oppreſt with tort, / And faſt impriſoned in ſieged fort.

   • 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, signature P3, verso:

     For no vvild beaſts ſhould do them any torte / There or abroad, ne vvould his maieſtye / Vſe them but vvell, vvith gracious clemencye, / As vvhome he knevv to him both faſt and true; […]

派生語

• quasi-tort
• tort law
• torts (“synonym of tort law”)

関連する語

語源 2

From 中期英語 tort, torte (“contorted, crooked; twisted”), from Old French tort, torte (“crooked; twisted”), or from its etymon Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”): see further at etymology 1.

形容詞

tort

1. (obsolete) Twisted.
   • 1569, Richard Grafton, “Edwarde the Seconde”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume II, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 210:

     And the firſt that came and gaue them moſt comfort was Henry Erle of Lãcaſter with yͤ wrie neck, called Tort coll [torticollis], who was brother to Thomas Erle of Lãcaſter yͭ was behedded, as ye haue heard before, who was a right vertuous & good knight as after ye ſhal here.

語源 3

A variant of tart.

形容詞

tort (comparative more tort, superlative most tort)

1. (British, dialectal) Synonym of tart (“sharp- or sour-tasting; (figuratively) keen, severe, sharp”)

語源 4

A variant of taut.

形容詞

tort (comparative torter, superlative tortest) (British, dialectal, obsolete)

1. Synonym of taut (“stretched tight; under tension”).
   • 1847, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Initial, Dæmonic, and Celestial Love”, in Poems, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, part I (The Initial Love), page 158:

     Yet holds he them with tortest rein, / That they may seize and entertain / The glance that to their glance opposes, / Like fiery honey sucked from roses.

2. (nautical) Of a boat: watertight.

語源 5

Clipping of tortoise.

名詞

tort (plural torts)

1. (slang) Clipping of tortoise.

語源 6

Clipping of tortoiseshell.

名詞

tort (plural torts)

1. (slang) Clipping of tortoiseshell (“a domestic cat, guinea pig, rabbit, or other animal whose fur has black, brown, and yellow markings; a tortie”).

参照

Further reading

• tort on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• ROTT, Rott, TRTO, Trot, trot

発音

• IPA: /tɔrt/

名詞

tort (plural tortes)

1. (rare, especially law) tort (wrong)

派生した語

• English: tort
• Scots: tort

参照

• “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.