synonymとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• synonime, synonyme (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 sinonyme, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). By surface analysis, syn- +‎ -onym.

発音

• enPR: sĭn'ənĭm, IPA: /ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈsɪnɵnɪm/, /sɪˈnɔ~o.nɪm/
• 韻: -ɪm

名詞

synonym (plural synonyms)

1. (semantics) A term (word or phrase) which is synonymous with others.

   Synonym: poecilonym (rare)

   Near-synonyms: near-synonym, parasynonym, plesionym

   Antonyms: antonym, opposite

   Hyponym: alias

   Hypernym: term

   “Happy” is a synonym of “glad”.

   • 1991, William T. Parry, Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian Logic‎:

     The proportion of English words that have an exact synonym is small.

   • 2016 February 26, Heather Long, “Michael Kors' secret to success”, in CNN Business‎:

     It's quite the turnaround from only a few months ago when Michael Kors (KORS) sales were sagging and its stock was tanking. Experts said the brand was "overexposed," a synonym for ugly in the fashion world.

   • 2019 September 18, Lianne Kolirin, “Thousands sign petition to remove sexist terms from Oxford Dictionaries”, in CNN‎:

     According to the petition, posted on Change.org, the venerable publisher, which produces the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), offers a series of synonyms for woman, including “bitch, besom, piece, bit, mare, baggage, wench, petticoat, frail, bird, bint, biddy, filly.”

2. (taxonomy) Any of the various names that could in theory be used for a taxon in accordance with the relevant rules.

   Hyponyms: senior synonym, junior synonym, objective synonym, subjective synonym, homotypic synonym, heterotypic synonym

   1. (taxonomy, informal) The subset of those names other than the one to be used according to the rules.
   2. (taxonomy, by extension) Any name that has been applied to a taxon other than the one to be used, including those not allowed by the rules such as misspellings or nomina nuda.
3. (databases) An alternative (often shorter) name defined for an object in a database.
   • 2011, Paul Nielsen, Uttam Parui, Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Bible:

     Synonyms are part of the SQL standard and are used frequently by Oracle DBAs. Note that Oracle includes both private and public synonyms.

同意語

• (all senses): synonymum (non-native speakers' English)

下位語

• (semantics): paranym

派生語

参考