A floatとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American) IPA: /əˈfloʊt/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˈfləʊt/
• enPR: ə-flōtˈ
• 韻: -əʊt

副詞

afloat (not comparable)

1. In or into a state of floating.
   • 1668, John Dryden, Sir Martin Mar-all‎, London: H. Herringman, act II, page 22:

     You have so little Brains, that a Penn’orth of Butter melted under ’um, would set ’um afloat:

   • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 224:

     […] I went down to my Boat, got the Water out of her, and got her afloat, loaded all my Cargo in her, and then went Home again for more;

   • 1881, Christina Rossetti, “De Profundis”, in A Pageant and Other Poems‎, London: Macmillan, page 60:

     Oh why is heaven built so far, / Oh why is earth set so remote? / I cannot reach the nearest star / That hangs afloat.

2. In, or while in, a vessel at sea or on another body of water; at sea.

   Antonym: ashore

   • 1788, Alexander Jardine, Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal, &c.‎, London: T. Cadell, Volume 2, Letter 23, p. 236:

     […] that trade […] may likewise employ many useful hands both ashore and afloat,

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 11, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part II (The Sea Cook), page 88:

     They was the roughest crew afloat, was Flint’s; the devil himself would have been feared to go to sea with them.

   • 1947, James Michener, “The Strike”, in Tales of the South Pacific‎, New York: Dial, published 2014, page 315:

     Navy chow ashore is rarely as good as it is afloat, and for enlisted men it is usually much worse.

3. Under water (bearing floating objects).

   Synonym: awash

   • 1695, Edmund Gibson (translator), Camden’s Britannia, London: A. Swalle, “Staffordshire,”

     […] it [the River Dove] overflows and lays the meadows afloat in April, like another Nile.

4. (figurative, of ideas, information, etc.) In or into circulation or currency.
   • 1587, Raphael Holinshed et al., Holinshed’s Chronicles‎, volume 3, Edward I, page 298:

     setting a lie aflote

   • 1878, Thomas Hardy, chapter 5, in The Return of the Native‎, volume 2, London: Smith, Elder, page 163:

     […] I shall not be judged fairly; it will get afloat that I am not a good girl,

   • 1757, William Burke, Edmund Burke, An Account of the European Settlements in America‎, London: R. and J. Dodsley, Volume 2, Part 7, Chapter 4, p. 150:

     […] as this example set the discourse about witchcraft afloat, some people, troubled with a similar complaint, began to fancy themselves bewitched too.

5. (obsolete, figurative, of an emotional state) In or into a condition of stimulation, arousal, confusion, bewilderment, etc.

   Synonym: at sea

   • 1821, William Hazlitt, Table-Talk‎, London: John Warren, Essay 1, page 3:

     No angry passions rise to disturb the silent progress of the work, […] no irritable humours are set afloat:

   • 1878, John Berwick Harwood, chapter 17, in Helena Lady Harrogate,‎, volume 1, London: Richard Bentley, page 312:

     […] they knew how to abstain from the overdose of liquor that sets the brain afloat and loosens the tongue.

形容詞

afloat (not comparable)

1. Floating.

   A rubber duck and other toys were afloat in the bath.

   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

     On such a full sea are we now afloat; / And we must take the current when it serves, / Or lose our ventures.

2. In, or found while in, a vessel at sea or on another body of water.

   Antonym: ashore

   • 1788, Alexander Jardine, Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal, &c.‎, London: T. Cadell, Volume 2, Letter 23, p. 236:

     […] that trade […] may likewise employ many useful hands both ashore and afloat,

3. Floating in the air; flowing freely; not tied, braided, etc. (of hair or clothing)
   • 1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC:

     her black hair loose and a-float down her dazzling white neck

   • 1971, Poul Anderson, chapter 4, in The Broken Sword‎, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1981, page 11:

     unbound silvery-gold tresses afloat beneath a jeweled coronet

   • 2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, page 152:

     […] she roars down the street, dreads and feathers and cape afloat,

4. Covered with water, bearing floating objects.

   Synonyms: awash, flooded

   The decks are afloat.

   • 1938, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, chapter 19, in The Yearling‎, New York: Scribner, page 233:

     The yard was afloat. Jody looked out of the window and saw two drowned biddies floating about with upturned bellies.

5. (figurative) Covered, overspread, filled (with or in something).

   Synonyms: alive, awash

   • 1911, D. H. Lawrence, The White Peacock‎, London: Heinemann, Part 2, Chapter 2, p. 233:

     The larch-wood was afloat with clear, lyric green,

   • 1935, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Mistress Pat‎, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, published 1937, page 100:

     The world was afloat in primrose light, pale and exquisite.

   • 1979, Bernard Malamud, Dubin’s Lives‎, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, Part 1, p. 51:

     The lobby was afloat with men, single and married, meeting pretty women in bright dresses and pants suits, single and married.

6. (of an organization) Having just enough resources to continue to operate; barely able to pay expenses; (of a private individual, family, etc.) keeping one's head above water.

   Synonyms: on one's feet, solvent

   Antonyms: bankrupt, insolvent

   The donation will keep our business afloat for quite a while.

   • 1549, Miles Coverdale, transl., The Paraphrase of Erasmus upon the New Testament‎, London: Edward Whitchurche, Volume 2, Philippians 4:

     […] you nede not to be sorye, as thoughe your frendely liberalitie had not be very acceptable vnto me. I haue receaued euery thing, and now I am afloate, by your lyberall sendyng.

   • 1753, Tobias Smollett, chapter 54, in The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom‎, Edinburgh: Mundell & Son, published 1800, pages 306–307:

     He […] endeavoured, by forcing himself into a lower path of life than any he had hitherto trod, to keep himself afloat, with the portion of some tradesman’s daughter, whom he meant to espouse.

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 34, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 309:

     […] the price poor Jos Osborne had paid for her two horses was in itself sufficient to keep their little establishment afloat for a year, at least;

   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 191:

     They somehow manage to keep "afloat," so as to obtain the needful funds to pay their passages and to purchase, tools and rations.

   • 2010, Nadifa Mohamed, Black Mamba Boy‎, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 67:

     The clan handouts that kept other Somalis afloat were absent here, as the Yibros were so few and so poor.

   • 2025 June 21, Fredreka Schouten and Arit John, “The DNC’s cash crunch deepens as new filings show Republicans with a huge advantage”, in CNN‎:

     The party’s cash crunch is serious enough that party officials have weighed seeking a line of credit to help it stay afloat, a development first reported by The New York Times.

7. (figurative, of ideas, information, etc.) Believed or talked about by many people; being passed from person to person.

   Synonyms: circulating, in circulation, current

   The supervisor was never fired, though countless accusations of dishonesty were afloat.

   • 1945, Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited‎, London: Chapman & Hall, Book 2, Chapter 3, p. 243:

     […] she and I were accepted, whatever ugly rumours had been afloat in the past year, as man and wife.

8. (obsolete, figurative, of an emotional state) Stimulated, aroused, activated.
   • 1769, Elizabeth Griffith, The School for Rakes‎, London: T. Becket and P.A. De Hondt, Epilogue, page 92:

     You’ll find, when once my passion is afloat, / The soul of Caesar, in a petticoat!

   • 1794, Thomas Holcroft, chapter 6, in The Adventures of Hugh Trevor‎, volume 1, London: Shepperson and Reynolds, page 46:

     My half frozen blood and my fears again afloat made me tremble through every limb;

9. (obsolete, figurative) In a state of confusion, bewilderment, or distraction.

   Synonyms: at sea, bewildered, confused, distracted

   • 1789, Edward Gibbon, letter to Lord Sheffield dated August 1789, in Miscellaneous Works, London: A. Strahan et al., 1796, p. 201,

     I know not what to say; my mind is all afloat; yet you will not reproach me with caprice or inconstancy.

   • 1887, Harry Castlemon, chapter 1, in Our Fellows‎, Philadelphia: John C. Winston, page 10:

     […] he could correctly analyze and parse any sentence you could give him, no matter how complex; but when it came to talking he was all afloat.

使用する際の注意点

As an adjective, afloat can be used only postpositively: The cardboard ships were afloat in the bathtub, or The cardboard ships, afloat in the bathtub, were soon waterlogged; but not *The afloat toys soon sank because they were made of cardboard. In that context, floating can be used instead.

前置詞

afloat

1. (obsolete) Floating upon.
   • early 1600s, John Webster and William Rowley, The Thracian Wonder, London: Thomas Johnson, 1661, Act I, Scene 1,

     But Huswife, as for you, / You with your Brat, wee’l send afloat the Main,

   • 1642, Robert Cotton, The Troublesome Life and Raigne of King Henry the Third‎, London: George Lindsey, page 5:

     […] great wee see must be the art and cunning of that man, that keeps him afloat the streame of Soveraigne favour,