Acusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-ācus (feminine -āca, neuter -ācum); first/second-declension suffix

1. Suffixed to nouns to create adjectives, often substantivised in toponyms.

   Synonym: -ānus

   ‎Aurēlius + ‎-ācus → ‎Aurēliācum

   ‎Paulus + ‎-ācus → ‎Pauliācus

使用する際の注意点

• In toponyms, mainly in northern Gaul and in northern Italy (Cisalpine Gaul) -ācus is commonly found appended to personal names, denoting the owner of a property or fundus. Rendered -ac, -at, -y, -é in modern French toponyms, and -ago in modern Italian toponyms.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

語源 2

From Ancient Greek -ακός (-akós, adjective-forming suffix).

接尾辞

-acus (feminine -aca, neuter -acum); first/second-declension suffix

1. Suffixed to nouns to create adjectives

   Synonym: -ānus

   ‎Corinthus + ‎-acus → ‎Corinthiacus

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

派生した語

• → English: -ac

語源 1

The NIL suggests that the term was directly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱus (“pointed”), from the root *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). However, De Vaan argues that the noun acus was a later formation from the same root. Though, De Vaan does suggest that this same Proto-Indo-European u-stem is the source of acūpedius and acuō (“sharpen, whet”).

名詞

acus f (genitive acūs); fourth declension

1. a needle, a pin
2. bodkin
3. alternative form of acus (“bran”)
   • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De re rustica 2.14:

     nam sēmina excussa in āreā jacēbunt, superque eā paulātim eōdem modō reliquī fasciculī excutientur, ac dūrissimae quidem acūs rejectae sēparataeque erunt ā cūdentibus, minūtae vērō, quae dē siliquīs cum fabā resēderint, aliter sēcernentur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

From Proto-Italic *akos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱos (“tip, bristle; ear/blade of grain, awn, chaff”), from the root *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Cognates include agna (“ear”) and Proto-Germanic *ahaz (“ear”), Proto-Germanic *aganō, *ahanō (“chaff”) (> English awn), Ancient Greek ἄχυρον (ákhuron) (> Greek άχυρο (áchyro, “hay”)), and Tocharian B āke (“tip, peak, end”).

名詞

acus n (genitive aceris); third declension

1. bran, awn, chaff

   Synonym: āplūda

   • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De agri cultura 54.2:

     sī fēnum non erit, frondem īligneam et hederāceam datō. paleās trīticeās et hordeāceās, acus fabāginum, viciam, vel dē lupīnō, item dē cēterīs frūgibus omnia condito.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 1.52:

     īs trītīs oportet ē terrā subjectārī vallīs aut ventilābrīs, cum ventus spīrat lēnis. ita fit ut quod levissimum est in eō atque appellātur acus ēvannātur forās extrā āream ac frūmentum, quod est ponderōsum, pūrum veniat ad corbem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 1.57:

     parietēs et solum opere tēctōriō marmorātō lōrīcandī; sī minus, ex argillā mixtā acere ē frūmentō et amurcā, quod mūrem et vermem nōn patitur esse et grāna facit solidiōra ac firmiōra.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 3.9.8:

     in cubīlibus, cum parturient, acus substernendum.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

• acerātus
• acerōsus

参照

Further reading

• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “acus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 7
• “acus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “acus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "acus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “acus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • you have hit the nail on the head: rem acu tetigisti
    
• “acus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “acus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin