Cladeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “shoot, branch”). Coined by British evolutionary biologist, philosopher, author Julian Huxley in 1957 in a paper titled The Three Types of Evolutionary Process in Nature. Doublet of cladus.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /kleɪd/
• 韻: -eɪd

名詞

clade (plural clades)

1. (systematics) A group of animals or other organisms derived from a common ancestor species.
   • 2001, Ross H. Nehm, “6: Linking Evolutionary Pattern and Development Process in Marginellid Gastropods”, in Alan H. Cheetham, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, Frank K. McKinney, editors, Evolutionary Patterns: Growth, Form, and Tempo in the Fossil Record, page 166:

     All three clades containing Prunum and “Volvarina” species contain morphological features that do not collectively appear in any other living or fossil marginellid species (see above).

   • 2002, Stephen Jay Gould, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, page 1092:

     No one has ever tabulated the number or percentage of non-trending clades within larger monophyletic groups. The concept of a non-trending clade — the higher level analog of a species in stasis — has never been explicitly formulated at all. If only one percent of clades exhibited sustained trends, we would still focus our attention upon this tiny minority in telling our favored version of the story of life's history.

   • 2004 September 11, Bob Holmes, Linnean naming system faces challengers‎, New Scientist, page 13:

     A clade is made up of an ancestral species and all its descendants; think of it as that part of an evolutionary tree that would fall off with a single saw cut.

2. (genetics) A higher level grouping of a genetic haplogroup.

派生語

動詞

clade (third-person singular simple present clades, present participle clading, simple past and past participle claded)

1. To be part of a clade; to form a clade.
   • 2009, Andrew J. Brown and C. Robin Hiley, "Is GPR55 an Anandamide Receptor?" in Anandamide An Endogenous Cannabinoid (Vitamins And Hormones, Vol. 81), p. 117:

     The phylogenetic tree for CiCBR shows it clades with the human cannabinoid receptors rather than with those other human GPCRs which most closely resemble the cannabinoid receptors.

参考

• monophyletic
• phylogenetic
• taxon
  • class, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species
• taxonomy

Further reading

• cladistics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Cadle, E.D. Cal., cadel, decal, laced