none.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 none, noon, non (“not one”), from 古期英語 nān (“not one, not any, none”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, nothing”), equivalent to ne (“not”) +‎ one. (Regarding the different phonological development of only and one, see the note in one.)

Cognate with Scots nane (“none”), Saterland Frisian naan, neen (“no, not any, none”), West Frisian neen & gjin (“no, none”), Dutch neen & geen (“no, none”), Low German nēn, neen, keen (“no, none, no one”), German nein & kein (“no, none”), Latin nōn (“not”).

別の表記

• non [11th–17th c.]

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /nʌn/, /nɔn/
• (米国発音) IPA: /nʌn/
• Homophone: nun
• 韻: -ʌn

代名詞

none

1. Not any of a given number or group.

   None of those is a good example. None are even acceptable.

   None of this meat tastes right.

   There were many but now there are none.

   1. No one, nobody.

      None of those people is my father.

   2. No person.

      None of those people are my parents. None shall pass.

      • 2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, page 253:

        Alas, none of these people were writing the reviews.

使用する際の注意点

• None used to replace uncountable nouns should always be singular. None used in place of countable nouns may be either singular or plural, unless the rest of the circumstances or phrasing require it to be one or the other.

反意語

• some
• all

派生語

限定詞

none

1. (archaic outside Scotland, West Country) Not any; no (usually used only before a vowel or h):

   Thou shalt have none other gods but me.

   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

     the foles toke their lampes, but toke none oyle with them.

   • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 138:

     None lasses were in the dunces' row. If one had been there people would have looked at her and felt sorry but not boys.

副詞

none (not comparable)

1. To no extent, in no way. [from 11th c.]

   I felt none the worse for my recent illness.

   • 1973, Paul Simon, “Kodachrome”:

     my lack of education hasn't hurt me none

2. Not at all, not very. [from 13th c.]

   He was none too pleased with the delays in the program that was supposed to be his legacy.

   We could hear none too well from the back.

3. (obsolete) No, not. [14th–16th c.]

語源 2

From the first sense, since they respond “none” when asked about their religion; also a play on words on nun.

発音

• IPA: /nʌn/, /nɒn/
• 韻: -ʌn, -ɒn
• 異形同音異義語: nun, non-

名詞

none (plural nones)

1. (chiefly American) A person without religious affiliation.
   • 2003, Jacob A. Belzen, Antoon Geels, Mysticism: A Variety of Psychological Perspectives‎, page 50:

     Both the religiously dis-identified ("nones") and the religiously committed report mystical experiences.

   • 2010, Robert D. Putnam, David E Campbell, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us‎, page 591:

     Stable nones, that is, people who report in both years that they have no religious affiliation, are, in fact, much less religious

   • 2013, Michael Corbett, Politics and Religion in the United States:

     we have grouped people into nones (no religion), Jews, Catholics, mainline Protestants, and evangelical protestants.

語源 3

From French none, from Latin nōna (“ninth; ninth hour”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /nəʊn/
• (米国発音) IPA: /noʊn/
• 韻: -əʊn, -oʊn
• Homophone: known

名詞

none (plural nones)

1. Alternative form of nones: the ninth hour after dawn; (Christianity) the religious service appointed to this hour.
2. (obsolete) Synonym of midafternoon: the time around or following noon or nones.
   • 1656, T. Blount, Glossographia:

     None of the day, is the third quarter of the day beginning at Noon and lasting till the Sun be gone half way towards setting.

   • 1706, L.E. Dupin, “v, 43”, in D. Cotes, transl., A New Ecclesiastical History of the 16th Century, volume II:

     The last, which began at the middle of the Afternoon, i.e. at half the Time between Noon and Sun-setting, was called None, because it began at the Ninth Hour.

参考

• Thesaurus:quantifier

参照

アナグラム

• neon

名詞

nōne

1. dative singular of nōn

名詞

none

1. alternative form of nonne (“nun”)

語源 2

名詞

none

1. alternative form of noun (“noun”)

数詞

nōne

1. vocative masculine singular of nōnus