cheapとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

As a noun, from 中期英語 chep, from 古期英語 cēap (“trade, market, value”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaup. As a verb, from 中期英語 chepen, from 古期英語 ċēapian (“to buy, bargain, trade”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaupōn, from Proto-Germanic *kaupōną, a verbal derivative of *kaupô (“trader”), from Latin caupō.

The adjective originated as a shortening of Middle and Early Modern English good cheap, literally “good purchase” (as in “that was good cheap”, i.e. “that was [a] good purchase”). Compare Dutch goedkoop, French bon marché.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /t͡ʃip/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: chēp, IPA: /t͡ʃiːp/
• 韻: -iːp
• (in dialects with meet-meat merger) Homophone: cheep

形容詞

cheap (comparative cheaper, superlative cheapest)

1. Low or reduced in price.

   Synonyms: inexpensive; affordable; (attributive) bargain; good value; see also Thesaurus:expensive § Antonyms

   Antonyms: expensive, dear (chiefly Commonwealth English), costly, pricey; see also Thesaurus:expensive

   • 1691, [John Locke], Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], published 1692, →OCLC:

     Where there are many sellers and few purchases, land will be cheap.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter III, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”  He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis […] interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.

   • 2000, George Abe, Residential Broadband, Cisco Systems, →ISBN:

     Datacasting bypasses the wired, terrestrial Internet and is a cheaper way to distribute software than pressing and mailing CDs.

   • 2008, Amy Wechsler, The Mind-Beauty Connection, page 31:

     The cheapest antiager around: a good moisturizer.

   • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

   • 2024 October 3, Jordan Valinsky, “McDonald’s is finally selling the Chicken Big Mac in the US”, in CNN‎:

     McDonald’s has been vocal about adding more chicken to its menu, which is generally cheaper than beef.

2. Of poor quality.

   Synonyms: low-quality, shoddy

   Hyponyms: flimsy, tinny

   Coordinate terms: basic, simple; primitive, naive; utilitarian, unadorned; crude, rough, mean, rude

3. Of little worth.

   Synonym: unvaluable

   Antonyms: precious, valuable; invaluable, priceless

   Coordinate terms: valueless, worthless

   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     You grow cheap in every subject's eye.

4. (slang, of an action or tactic in a game of skill) Underhanded or unfair.

   the cheap trick of hiding deadly lava under pushable blocks

5. (informal, chiefly derogatory) Stingy; mean; excessively frugal.

   Insurance is expensive, but don't be so cheap that you risk losing your home because of a fire.

6. (finance) Trading at a price level which is low relative to historical trends, a similar asset, or (for derivatives) a theoretical value.

   Synonyms: undervalued, underpriced

   Antonyms: rich, overvalued, overpriced

   The ETF is trading cheap to NAV right now; we can arb this by buying the ETF and selling the underlying constituents.

7. (computing) Taking little of system time or resources.

   the algorithm is cheap to compute

使用する際の注意点

• Because cheap is polysemically ambiguous, it is not always clear whether the intended meaning is inexpensive, poorly made, or both; apt word choice, with terms such as good value or shoddy, can clarify.

派生語

派生した語

• → Cantonese: cheap (cip)
• → Ido: chipa
  • → Esperanto: ĉipa
• → Japanese: チープ (chīpu)
• → Malayalam: ചീപ്പ് (cīppŭ)
• → Maltese: ċip
• → Norwegian Bokmål: kjip
• → Norwegian Nynorsk: kjip, kip (pre-2005)
• →? Portuguese: (Brazil) xepa
• → Shona: -chipa
  • → Chichewa: -tchipa
• →⇒ Tagalog: tsipipay, chipipay
• → Xhosa: tshiphu

参考

• Appendix:Fighting Game Terms

名詞

cheap (countable and uncountable, plural cheaps)

1. (obsolete) Trade; traffic; chaffer; chaffering.
2. (obsolete) A market; marketplace.
3. (obsolete) Price.
4. (obsolete) A low price; a bargain.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

     The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe.

5. (obsolete) Cheapness; lowness of price; abundance of supply.

参考

• on the cheap

動詞

cheap (third-person singular simple present cheaps, present participle cheaping, simple past and past participle cheaped) (obsolete)

1. (intransitive) To trade; traffic; bargain; chaffer; ask the price of goods; cheapen goods.
2. (transitive) To bargain for; chaffer for; ask the price of; offer a price for; cheapen.
3. (transitive) To buy; purchase.
4. (transitive) To sell.

使用する際の注意点

• The use of cheap as a verb has been superseded by cheapen.

派生語

副詞

cheap (comparative more cheap, superlative most cheap)

1. Cheaply.

   I bought this cheap in a junk shop.

   The pet shop has some budgerigars going cheap.

   • March 24 1658, John Milton, letter to Emeric Bigot

     I need not request you to purchase them as cheap as possible

参照

アナグラム

• Peach, Pecha, chape, chapé, peach