ravinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɹæv(ɪ)n/
• enPR: răvʹən, (General American) IPA: /ˈɹæv(ə)n/
• 韻: -ævɪn, -ævən
• ハイフネーション: rav‧in

名詞

ravin (countable and uncountable, plural ravins) (archaic, literary)

1. (countable, uncountable) Property obtained or seized by force or violence; booty, plunder, spoils.
2. (uncountable) Of a (predatory) animal: seizing or devouring of food or prey; predation.
3. (uncountable, figurative) Gluttony, greed, rapacity; also, the quality of being predatory; predatoriness.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:greed

4. (obsolete)
   1. (countable, rare) A predatory animal; a predator.
   2. (uncountable) Obtaining or seizing property by force or violence; pillage, plunder, robbery; (countable, chiefly in the plural) an instance of this.

      Synonyms: pillaging, plundering, rapine

   3. (uncountable) That which a predatory animal seizes for food; prey; also (hunting) an animal which is hunted; quarry.
      • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “(please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX)”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

        Tho' Nature, red in tooth and claw / With ravine, shriek'd against his creed

別の表記

• raven, ravine

派生語

形容詞

ravin (comparative more ravin, superlative most ravin)

1. (obsolete) Ravenous.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 117:

     Better 'twere / I met the ravin lion when he roared / With sharp constraint of hunger;

別の表記

• raven, ravine

動詞

ravin (third-person singular simple present ravins, present participle ravining, simple past and past participle ravined)

1. (transitive, archaic)
   1. Sometimes followed by away or from: to obtain or seize (something, especially property) by force or violence; to plunder.
      • 1560 October 5 (Gregorian calendar), John Sledaine [i.e., Johannes Sleidanus], “The .XXIJ. Booke”, in Ihon [i.e., John] Daus, transl., A Famouse Cronicle of Oure Time, Called Sleidanes Commentaries, Concerning the State of Religion and Commonwealth, during the Raigne of the Emperour Charles the Fift, […], London: […] Ihon Daye, for Abraham Veale, and Nicholas England, →OCLC, folios ccclv, verso – ccclvj, recto:

        [They] aſſaulted by night a certen aũciẽt [auncient] gentleman at home in his owne houſe, which had done thē [them] no diſpleaſure, and being a ſlepe in his bed at their cõming [comming], whan he had hardly eſcaped awaye half naked, rauening and diſtroying his goodes, they ſpoyled his wyfe and chyldren of all theyr apparell, and threatening them ofte with death, left thẽ [them] ſtarck naked, in ſo muche that one of the Nobilitie comming thither by chaunce, couered the woman with his owne garment.

      • 1621, George Hakewill, “Verse 6”, in King Davids Vow for Reformation of Himselfe, His Family, His Kingdome. Deliuered in Twelue Sermons before the Prince His Highnesse vpon Psalm 101, London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for Mathew Lownes, →OCLC, page 237:

        Hee changed his vvages tenne times, ſought to eat him vp, & to rauin all hee could get from him.

   2. Sometimes followed by down, up, or (obsolete) in: to eat (something, such as food or prey) greedily; to devour, to wolf down.
      • 1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Ezekiél XXII:27, folio 343, recto, column 2:

        Her princes in the middes thereof are like vvolues, rauening yͤ pray [prey] to ſhed blood, and to ſhed blood, and to deſtroye ſoules for their ovvne couetous lucre.

      • 1603, Richard Knolles, “The Life of Selymus, the Second of that Name, Fift Emperour of the Turkes”, in The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 833:

        [C]ertaine young men vvhom they call Giamoglans, vvith others that ſtood round about them, ſnatcht it [the food] haſtily vp as their fees, and like greedie Harpies rauened it dovvne in a moment.

      • 1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner]; Edward Topsell, “Of Handling, Taming, or Breaking of Horsses”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 303:

        In the morning giue them [horses] barley or prouender, a little at a time in diſtinct or ſeueral portions, tvvice or thrice one after another, ſo as he may chevv and eke diſgeſt it thoroughly, othervviſe if he rauen it, as he vvil do hauing much at a time, he rendreth it in his dung vvhole and not diſgeſted.

      • 1615, Richarde Brathwaite [i.e., Richard Braithwait], “[Loves Labyrinth: Or The True-louers Knot: Including the Disastrous Fals of Two Star-crost Louers Pyramus & Thysbe. […].] Pyramus and Thysbe.”, in A Strappado for the Diuell. […], London: […] I. B[eale] for Richard Redmer […], →OCLC, page 40:

        A Lion nevv returnde from rauening pray [prey], / came to the fount, his blood to vvaſh avvay.

      • 1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux], “How Pantagruel Found Panurge, whom He Loved All His Lifetime”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, 2nd book, pages 211–212:

        [A]t this present I am in a very urgent necessity to feed, […] if you will but set me to work, it will be as good as a balsamum for sore eyes to see me gulch and raven it, for Gods sake, give order for it.

      • 1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXXII”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. […], volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 122–127:

        […] I beheld two spirits by the ice / Pent in one hollow, that the head of one / Was cowl unto the other; and as bread / Is raven'd up through hunger, th' uppermost / Did so apply his fangs to th' other's brain, / Where the spine joins it.

      • 1818, John Keats, “Book III”, in Endymion: A Poetic Romance, London: […] T[homas] Miller, […] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 130, lines 514–515:

        Clusters of grapes, the which they raven'd quick / And roar'd for more; […]

   3. (figurative) To absorb or take in (something, such as information) greedily; also, to approach or pounce on (someone) like prey.
      • 1875 April 19 (date delivered; published 1875 June), James Russell Lowell, “Ode Read at the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Fight at Concord Bridge, 19th April, 1875”, in Three Memorial Poems, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., published 1877, →OCLC, canto V, page 22:

        [S]he fenced them in their need / With iron-handed Duty's sternest creed, / 'Gainst Self's lean wolf that ravens word and deed.

      • 1948 October, Dodie Smith, chapter V, in I Capture the Castle, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, part I (The Sixpenny Book: March), pages 55–56:

        But some characters in books are very real—Jane Austen's are; and I know those five Bennets at the opening of Pride and Prejudice, simply waiting to raven the young men at Netherfield Park, are not giving one thought to the real facts of marriage.

2. (intransitive)
   1. Followed by about, after, or for: to go after or seek for something, especially booty or spoils; to maraud, to plunder; also (generally), to move about wildly and cause damage; to rampage.
      • 1670, [Guillaume] Girard, “The Ninth Book”, in Charles Cotton, transl., The History of the Life of the Duke of Espernon, the Great Favourite of France. […], London: […] E. Cotes, and A. Clark, for Henry Brome, […], →OCLC, 3rd part, page 442:

        [T]he Inhabitants of the Countrey, a barbarous and inhumane people (as generally Sea-borderers are) and inur'd to the ſpoil of VVracks, vvere not over haſty to acquaint the Duke's Officers vvith this, that they might not be diſturbed vvhilst buſie ravening after Booty.

      • 1865, Thomas Carlyle, “[Leopold Joseph von] Daun in Wrestle with Friedrich in the Silesian Hills”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume V, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book XVIII, pages 92–93:

        A scandal to be seen, how his Croats and loose hordes went openly ravening about, bent on mere housebreaking, street-robbery and insolent violence.

   2. To eat greedily; also, followed by on or upon: of an animal: to prey on.
      • 1545 July 12 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Elyot, A Preseruatiue agaynste Deth, London: […] Thomas Berthelet, […], →OCLC, signature [B.vi.], recto:

        The couaitous deſyre of riche men is euer vnſaciable. It always raueneth and neuer is ſatisfied.

      • 1657, Longus, “The Fourth Book”, in George Thornley, transl., Daphnis & Chloe […], [S.l]: [s.n.], published 1920s?, →OCLC, page 154:

        For he [Daphnis] had doubled the number [of goats] he had received of Lamo, nor had the Wolf raven'd away so much as one, and they were all more twaddling fat then the very sheep.

      • 1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, “A Survey of the Mischiefs Arising from Disputes in General”, in The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC, page 247:

        [I]t is his [Satan's] Maſtery to ſpread an unſeen venome in the Bovvels, thence to diffuſe its ſelf through't, mix vvith the vital ſpirit, and convert that kindly heat vvhich ſhould animate, into thoſe vvild irregular flames vvhich ravine and conſume.

        A figurative use.

      • 1894, E[dith Anna] Œ[none] Somerville, Martin Ross [pseudonym; Violet Florence Martin], chapter XII, in The Real Charlotte […], volume I, London: Ward and Downey […], →OCLC, page 168:

        [T]he outdoor dogs […] were permitted to raven unchecked upon chicken bones, fat slices of ham, and luscious leavings of cream when the packing-up time came.

      • 1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], “The Bird of Doom and the End”, in The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 93:

        And the hound Time, when all the Worlds and cities are swept away whereon he used to raven, having no more to devour, shall suddenly die.

        A figurative use.

      • 1908, “The Seven Against Thebes”, in Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead, transl., Four Plays of Aeschylus, page 124:

        Now, if ye hear the bruit of death or wounds, / Give not yourselves o'ermuch to shriek and scream, / For Ares ravins upon human flesh.

      • 1938 July 16 – September 3, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter VIII, in The Code of the Woosters, London: Herbert Jenkins, published 7 October 1938, →OCLC, page 177:

        I refer to the danger of keeping a dog of this nature and disposition in a bedroom, where it can spring out ravening on anyone who enters.

   3. Sometimes followed by about or on: to move about searching for food or prey ravenously.
      • 1680, Henry More, chapter XIII, in Apocalypsis Apocalypseos; or The Revelation of St John the Divine Unveiled. […], London: […] J. M. for J[ohn] Martyn, and W. Kettilby, […], →OCLC, page 124:

        [T]he Arms and Hands of the Bear, […] are his ſtrength and inſtrument of action to raven and prey vvith; […]

   4. Sometimes followed by after or for: to have a ravenous appetite or craving for food or prey.
      • 1587, Leonard Mascall, “The Nature and Qualities of Hogges, & also the Gouernement thereof”, in The First Booke of Cattell. Wherein is Shewed, the Gouernement of Oxen, Kine, and Calues, and How to Vse Buls and Other Cattell to the Yoke, and Fell. […], London: […] Nicholas Okes for Iohn Harison, […], published 1610, →OCLC, page 273:

        [B]ecause hogs are commonly rauening for their meat, more then other cattel, it is meet therefore to haue them ringed, or elſe they will doe much hurt in digging and turning vp corne fieldes, […]

      • 1852 December, [Elizabeth Gaskell], “The Old Nurse’s Story”, in Lizzie Leigh; and Other Tales. […], copyright edition, Leipzig, Saxony: Bernhard Tauchnitz, published 1855, →OCLC, page 115:

        They passed along towards the great hall-door, where the winds howled and ravened for their prey; […]

        A figurative use.

      • 1865, Sabine Baring-Gould, “Folk-lore Relating to Were-wolves”, in The Book of Were-wolves: Being an Account of a Terrible Superstition, London: Smith, Elder and Co. […], →OCLC, page 114:

        The Greek were-wolf is closely related to the vampire. The lycanthropist falls into a cataleptic trance, during which his soul leaves his body, enters that of a wolf and ravens for blood.

   5. Originally followed by with: to experience great hunger; to be ravenous.
      • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Democritus Iunior to the Reader”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, page 41:

        For hovv […] ſhall I knovv thee to be a man, vvhen thou kickeſt like an aſſe, neygheſt like an Horſe after vvomen, raueſt in luſt like a Bull, raueneſt like a Beare, ſtingeſt like a Scorpion, rakeſt like a VVolfe, as ſuttle as a Foxe, as impudent as a Dogge; ſhall I ſay thou art man that haſt all the Symptomes of a beaſt?

   6. (figurative) To take and exploit or make use of greedily.
   7. (figurative) Sometimes followed by after or for: to have a strong craving or desire for, or to do, something; to crave, to desire, to yearn.
      • 1892, S[abine] Baring-Gould, “Jamie’s Ride”, in In the Roar of the Sea: A Tale of the Cornish Coast […], volume II, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 33:

        Here's my brother thirsting, ravening to make your acquaintance—and by George! you are in luck's way, young hopeful, to make his.

      • 1931 August, James B[ernard] Fagan, “The Improper Duchess”, in Famous Plays of 1931, London: Victor Gollancz […], published February 1932, →OCLC, Act III, page 237:

        Take your conscience—what is the choice? On one side the great temple where you can gather the good harvest—on the other a dirty little scandal that you’ve nosed out to fling to paper scavengers who feed it to their readin' millions ravening for pornographic dirt.

Conjugation

別の表記

• raven, ravine

派生語

• ravin down

参照

Further reading

• “ravin”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• -navir, Arvin, Narvi, Vanir, invar