rimeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: rīm, IPA: /ɹaɪm/
• Homophone: rhyme
• 韻: -aɪm

語源 1

The noun is derived from 中期英語 rim, rime, rym, ryme (“hoar frost; rime”), from 古期英語 hrīm (“frost”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrīm (“rime; hoar frost”), from Proto-Germanic *hrīmą (North Germanic), *hrīmaz, *hrīmô (“rime; hoar frost”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to graze, touch; to streak”).

The verb is derived from the noun. (The 古期英語 equivalent, which did not survive into modern English, was behrīman.)

名詞

rime (countable and uncountable, plural rimes)

1. Archaic in the form rimes: originally, any frozen dew forming a white deposit on exposed surfaces; hoar frost (sense 1).

   Coordinate terms: dew, glaze

   • 1701, Nehemiah Grew, “Of the Principles of Bodies”, in Cosmologia Sacra: Or A Discourse of the Universe as It is the Creature and Kingdom of God. […], London: […] W[illiam] Rogers, S[amuel] Smith, and B[enjamin] Walford: […], →OCLC, 1st book, paragraph 33, page 16:

     In a Hoar-Froſt, that vvhich vve call a Rime, is a Multitude of Quadrangular Priſmes, exactly figured, but piled vvithout any Order, one over another.

   • 1791, [Erasmus Darwin], “Canto IV”, in The Botanic Garden; a Poem, in Two Parts. […], London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, part I (The Economy of Vegetation), page 204, lines 523–526:

     Sylphs! if vvith morn deſtructive Eurus ſprings, / O, claſp the Harebel vvith your velvet vvings; / Screen vvith thick leaves the Jaſmine as it blovvs, / And ſhake the vvhite rime from the ſhuddering Roſe; […]

   • 1820 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Witch of Atlas”, in Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, editor, Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John and Henry L[eigh] Hunt, […], published 1824, →OCLC, stanza XLIV, page 43:

     And moonlight splendour of intensest rime, / With which frost paints the pines in winter time.

   • 1821 September–October, [Thomas De Quincey], “[Part I.] Preliminary Confessions.”, in Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, 2nd edition, London: […] [J. Moyes] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1823, →OCLC, page 71:

     The night had been heavy and lowering: but towards the morning it had changed to a slight frost: and the ground and the trees were now covered with rime.

   • 1846, Walter Savage Landor, “[Miscellaneous.] [Poem] CCXX.”, in The Works of Walter Savage Landor. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 656, column 1:

     But there are accents sweeter far / When Love leaps down our evening star, / Holds back the blighting wings of Time, / Melts with his breath the crusty rime, […]

     A figurative use.

   • 1883 March, Thomas Hardy, “The Three Strangers”, in Wessex Tales: Strange, Lively, and Commonplace […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1888, →OCLC, page 5:

     The raw rimes were not so pernicious as in the hollows, and the frosts were scarcely so severe.

   • 1899, Knut Hamsun, “Part III”, in George Egerton [pseudonym; Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright], transl., Hunger […], London: Leonard Smithers and Co […], →OCLC, page 167:

     I rose, put on my shoes, and began to walk up and down the floor to try and warm myself. I looked out; there was rime on the window; it was snowing.

2. (figurative)
   1. A film or slimy coating.
   2. White hair as an indication of old age.
      • 1839, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Prelude”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, →OCLC, page xi:

        Tales that have the rime of age, / And chronicles of Eld.

      • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave I. Marley’s Ghost.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 3:

        The cold within him [Ebenezer Scrooge] froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice. A frosty rime was on his head, and on his eyebrows, and his wiry chin.

3. (meteorology)
   1. Ice formed by the rapid freezing of cold water droplets of fog on to a cold surface.

      Synonyms: frost, (loosely) hoar frost

   2. A coating or sheet of ice so formed.
4. (British, regional) A cold fog or mist.
   • 1896, J[ames] M[atthew] Barrie, “End of the Jacobite Rising”, in Sentimental Tommy: The Story of His Boyhood, London; Paris: Cassell and Company […], →OCLC, page 341:

     When Tommy and Elspeth reached the Den the mist lay so thick that they had to feel their way though it to the Ailie, where they found Gavinia alone and scared. […] "As sure as death," she said, "there was some living thing standing there; I couldna see it for the rime, but I heard it breathing hard."

使用する際の注意点

Rime (sense 3.1) technically differs from hoar frost, as the latter is formed by water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation (“transformation directly into ice crystals without first turning into liquid water”).

派生語

動詞

rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

1. (transitive)
   1. To cover (something) with rime (noun sense 1 or sense 3.1) or (loosely) hoar frost.
      • 1791, [Erasmus Darwin], “Canto IV”, in The Botanic Garden; a Poem, in Two Parts. […], London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, part I (The Economy of Vegetation), page 186, lines 311–314:

        ―No more ſhall hoary Boreas, iſſuing forth / VVith Eurus, lead the tempeſts of the North; / Rime the pale Davvn, or veil'd in flaky ſhovvers / Chill the ſvveet boſoms of the ſmiling Hours.

      • 1933 July, Lewis Grassic Gibbon [pseudonym; James Leslie Mitchell], “Stratus”, in Cloud Howe, London: Jarrolds Publishers […], →OCLC, page 193:

        [T]he hoar was a blanching on post and hedge, riming the dykes, […]

   2. (figurative) To cover (something) with a thin coating or film; to coat.
      • 1907, Neil Munro, chapter XXXII, in Bud […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 300:

        Oh, London, London! […] the mornings silvery gray, and the multitudinous monuments rimed by years, thunder of hoofs in ways without end, and the silence of mighty parks—Bud lay awake in the nights to think of them.

2. (intransitive) Sometimes followed by up: of a thing: to become covered with rime or (loosely) hoar frost.

派生語

• riming (adjective, noun)

語源 2

A variant of rhyme (noun and verb), from 中期英語 rim, rime, ryme (“identical sound in words from the vowel in their stressed syllables to their ends; measure, meter, rhythm; song, verse, etc., with rhyming lines”, noun), and 中期英語 rimen, rymen, rim, rime (“to recite or write verse; to sing songs; to tell a story in verse; to fit into verse; (figurative) to agree, make sense”, verb): see further at rhyme.

名詞

rime (countable and uncountable, plural rimes)

1. Archaic spelling of rhyme (“word that rhymes with another”).

   Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner in 1797–1798.

   • 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act II], signature [D4], recto:

     Libels are caſt againſt thee in the ſtreete, / Ballads and rimes made of thy ouerthrovv.

   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature A2, verso:

     Thou, thou, Lyſander, thou haſt giuen her rimes, / And interchang'd loue tokens vvith my childe: […]

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], signature I, verso:

     [M]ary I cannot ſhevv it in rime, I haue tried, I can finde out no rime to Ladie, but babie, an innocent rime: for ſcorne, horne, a hard rime: for ſchoole foole, a babling rime: very ominous endings, no, I vvas not borne vnder a riming plannet, nor I cannot vvooe in feſtiuall termes: […]

   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 106”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature G3, recto:

     VVhen in the Chronicle of vvaſted time, / I ſee diſcriptions of the faireſt vvights, / And beautie making beautifull old rime, / In praiſe of Ladies dead, and louely Knights, […]

   • a. 1631 (date written), J[ohn] Donne, “The Triple Foole”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 204:

     I thought, if I could dravv my paines, / Through Rimes vexation, I ſhould them allay, / Griefe brought to numbers cannot be ſo fierce, / For, he tames it, that fetters it in verſe.

   • 1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Consequence or Trayne of Imaginations”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 1st part (Of Man), page 10:

     Sometimes a man knovvs a place determinate, vvithin the compaſſe vvhereof he is to ſeek: […] as a man ſhould run over the Alphabet, to ſtart a rime.

   • 1878, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Précy and the Marionettes”, in An Inland Voyage, London: C[harles] Kegan Paul & Co., […], →OCLC, page 232:

     [S]hould not all the world delight to honour this unfortunate and loyal follower of the Muses? May Apollo send him rimes hitherto undreamed of; […]

2. (linguistics) The second part of a syllable, from the vowel on (as opposed to the onset).

派生語

• rime book
• rimeless
• rime dictionary

動詞

rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

1. Archaic spelling of rhyme.
   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 125, column 2:

     Ha, ha, hovv vildely doth this Cynicke rime?

   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], page 393, column 1:

     VVill you Rime vpon't, / And vent it for a Mock'rie? Heere is one: / Tvvo Boyes, an Oldman (tvvice a Boy) a Lane, / Preſeru'd the Britaines, vvas the Romanes bane.

   • 1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux], chapter XLVII, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume II, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, 5th book, page 418:

     How Panurge and the rest rim'd with Poetick Fury [chapter title]

   • 1936 July, John Buchan, “Sanctuary”, in The Island of Sheep, London: Hodder and Stoughton, published July 1938, →OCLC, part II (Laverlaw), pages 152–153:

     “He was aye rimin’,” said Miss Newbigging, “about this bonny countryside and the dacent folk that bode in it.”

派生語

• rimer (obsolete)

語源 3

From 中期英語 rimen, rime (“to count, enumerate”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 rīman, rȳman (“to count, number, reckon; to calculate, compute, count up; to enumerate, recount; to account, esteem as”) (rare), from Proto-Germanic *rīmijaną, *rīmaną (“to count, enumerate”), from Proto-Indo-European *(a)rēy- (“to add; to count; to customize; to order, regulate”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to arrange; to count”), ultimately from *h₂er- (“to fit, put together; to fix; to slot”), and thus a doublet of rhyme.

動詞

rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

1. (ambitransitive, Lincolnshire, archaic) Followed by up: to count (something); to number, to reckon.

   Synonym: enumerate

語源 4

From 中期英語 rimen, rime (“to clear (a way); to make room for (something); to open up (something); to prepare (something)”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 rīman, rȳman (“to make roomy, enlarge, extend, spread, widen; to make clear by removing obstructions, to clear a way, clear, open up; to amplify; to prolong”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *rūmijan (“to clear out, make room”), from Proto-Germanic *rūmijaną (“to clear out, make room”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewh₁- (“to open; wide”). Doublet of room.

動詞

rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed) (transitive)

1. Synonym of ream.
   1. To enlarge (a hole), especially using a tool such as a reamer.
   2. To remove debris from inside (something, such as a freshly bored hole or a pipe) using a tool.

派生語

• ream (“to enlarge (a hole), etc.”) (possibly)
• rimer

語源 5

From Irish ruaim, from Old Irish rúam (“alder tree; alder bark; dye for wool made from alder bark; dun or red colour”) (probably whence Irish ruaimnigh, Old Irish rúamnaigid (“to dye red”)); further etymology unknown.

動詞

rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

1. (transitive, Ireland, rare) To dye (wool or yarn) reddish-brown by boiling or soaking in water with alder twigs.

派生語

• riming (noun)

語源 6

The noun is derived from Late 中期英語 rim (“cleft, crack, fissure”), from Latin rīma (“chink, cleft, crack, fissure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)reyH- (“to cut; to tear”). Doublet of rima.

The verb is derived from Latin rīmārī, the present active infinitive of rīmor (“to explore; to probe; to search”), from rīma (see above) + -or.

名詞

rime (plural rimes)

1. (obsolete) A narrow aperture or opening; a chink, a crack, a fissure; a rent, a rip. [from early 17th c.]
   • 1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner]; Edward Topsell, “Of Cowes”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 83:

     [T]he ſevvet of oxen […] is alſo good againſt the inflammation of the eares, the ſtupidity and dulneſſe of the teeth, the running of the eyes, the vlcers and rimes of the mouth, and ſtiffneſſe of the neck.

   • 1646, Thomas Browne, “Of the Passage of Meate and Drinke”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 4th book, paragraph 10, page 198:

     [T]hough birds have no Epiglottis, yet can they ſo contract the rime or chinck of their Larinx, as to prevent the admiſſion of vvet or dry ingeſted, […]

関連する語

• rima

動詞

rime (third-person singular simple present rimes, present participle riming, simple past and past participle rimed)

1. (intransitive, obsolete, rare) Followed by into: to probe, to pry.
   • 1877, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, “Hermetically Sealed”, in Erema: Or My Father’s Sin […], volume III, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 55:

     Our act was, with finger, and nail, and eye, to rime into every jot of it [a case]; and our words were—'I am sure there is something inside. If not, it would open sensibly.'

参照

Further reading

• rime ice on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• syllable – rime on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rime (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “RIME, sb.”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume V (R–S), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, pages 114–115: “1. Hoar-frost; […] 2. A fog; a chill, frosty mist; a sea-mist.”
• Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “RIME, v.”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume V (R–S), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 115, column 1: “To enlarge a bored hole by turning round in it a tool with sharp cutting or scraping edges”
• Eugene E. Loos [et al.], editors (2003), “rime”, in Glossary of Linguistic Terms, Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.

アナグラム

• IMer, Meir, Meri, Mire, Remi, emir, meri, mire, reim, riem

動詞

rīme

1. inflection of rīman:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. singular present subjunctive

名詞

rime (plural rimes)

1. number

   Þatt full wel iss bitacnedd Þurrh tale & rime off fowwerrtiȝ, Off fowwerr siþe tene. — Ormulum, c1200

   (That full well is betokened thru tale and the number of forty, of four times ten.)

関連する語

• rimen (verb)

派生した語

• English: rhyme