uterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈʊ.tɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈuː.ter]

代名詞

uter (feminine utra, neuter utrum); first/second-declension pronoun (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal)

1. (interrogative) which, who (of two)?
   • c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 1.2.51:

     Em istoc pol tu otiosu's,
     cum et illic et hic pervorsus es. Sed utriscum rem esse mavis

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 15.20.3.2:

     Pompeium Carteia receptum scribis; iam igitur contra hunc exercitum. Utra ergo castra? Media enim tollit Antonius.

     • 1999 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey

       You say that Pompey has been admitted into Carteia. So he’ll presently be bringing an army against Antony. Which camp then? For Antony is putting middle courses out of the question.

2. (relative, in indirect questions) whichever, whoever (of two)
   • c. 180 BCE, Plautus, Casina 2.3.56:

     Iam hic erit: nunc experiemur, nostrum uter sit blandior.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.44:

     Sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset, neque diiudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (indefinite) either (of two), one or the other
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 21.18.13:

     Tum Romanus sinu ex toga facto, "hic" inquit, "uobis bellum et pacem portamus; utrum placet sumite." Sub hanc uocem haud minus ferociter, daret utrum uellet, succlamatum est; […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

Variously construed:

• With a genitival partitive: Quam ob rem uter nostrum tandem, Labiene, popularis est, […] (Cicero, Pro Rabirio perduellonis reo 4.11)
• With partitive ex or (rare) de: Quomodo, oro te, convenit ut et Diogenen mireris et Daedalum? Uter ex his sapiens tibi videtur? (Seneca, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 90.14)

Number agreement:

• With the verb in the singular: Valerius Horatiusque consules sortiti uter dedicaret [aedem]. (Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 2.27.5)
• In the second person, with the verb in the plural (Plautine): Uter eratis, tun an ille, maior?, "Who of the two was the older one, you or he?" (Plautus, Menaechmi 5.9.60)
• Used in the plural to define two sets comprised of more than one entity: […] ; sed, utros eius [Suculi] habueris libros—duo enim sunt corpora—an utrosque, nescio. (Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem 2.11.14)

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er, pronominal).

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

For *udris, from Proto-Italic *udri-, from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”). Compare with Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría, “water-pot, pitcher”). Related to vitrum.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈʊ.tɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈuː.ter]

名詞

uter m (genitive utris); third declension

1. a vessel made of hide used to store wine or water; a leather bottle, a skin

   Hypernym: vās

   Near-synonym: ampulla

   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 12.7.15:

     Indi in utribus camelorum aut rhinocerotum id [caryophyllon] mittunt.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 40 BCE, Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum 91.1:

     Ceterum in itinere cottidie pecus exercitui per centurias, item turmas aequaliter distribuerat et, ex coriis utres uti fierent, curabat; […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 2.384:

     Non aliam ob culpam Baccho caper omnibus aris
     caeditur et veteres ineunt proscaenia ludi,
     praemiaque ingeniis pagos et compita circum
     Thesidae posuere, atque inter pocula laeti
     mollibus in pratis unctos salvere per utres […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (especially) a bag made of hide inflated for flotation

   Hypernyms: linter, nāvis

   • c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 1.48:

     […] hos [pabulatores Caesaris] levis armaturae Lusitani peritique earum regionum cetrati citerioris Hispaniae consectabantur; quibus erat proclive tranare flumen, quod consuetudo eorum omnium est, ut sine utribus ad exercitum non eant.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 21.27:

     Hispani sine ulla mole in utres uestimentis coniectis ipsi caetris superpositis incubantes flumen tranauere.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

• Note: although the nominative and accusative plural was normally the masculine utrēs, the rare alternative neuter plural utria is also attested.

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

派生語

• utriculus

派生した語

• Aromanian: utri
• Catalan: odre
• → French: outre
• Galician: odre
• Italian: otre
• Piedmontese: oiro
• Portuguese: odre
• Sicilian: utri
• Spanish: odre

語源 3

名詞

uter m (genitive uterī); second declension

1. alternative form of uterus

   (Can we add an example for this sense? )

語形変化

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).

Further reading

• “ŭter¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “uter¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ūter²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ūter²”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ŭter³”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ŭtĕr”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• uter, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to offer a person the alternative of... or..: optionem alicui dare, utrum...an
    
  • (ambiguous) it is a debated point whether... or..: in contentione ponitur, utrum...an
    
• “uter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “uter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 646-647

接頭辞

uter-

1. Alternative form of utero-.

派生語