Locusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin locus. Doublet of lieu.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈləʊkəs/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈloʊkəs/
• 韻: -əʊkəs

名詞

locus (plural loci or locuses)

1. A place or locality, especially a centre of activity or the scene of a crime.

   The cafeteria was the locus of activity.

2. (mathematics) The set of all points whose coordinates satisfy a given equation or condition.

   A circle is the locus of points from which the distance to the center is a given value, the radius.

3. (genetics) A fixed position on a string of DNA or RNA, especially a chromosome, that may be occupied by one or more genes.

   Holonyms: subband < band < region < replicon

   Meronyms: sublocus; gene, cistron; pseudogene

4. (chiefly in the plural) A passage in writing, especially in a collection of ancient sacred writings arranged according to a theme.

使用する際の注意点

• Sometimes confused with locust.

派生語

関連する語

参照

アナグラム

• ULOCs, clous

語源

From Old Latin stlocus, probably from Proto-Italic *stlokos, from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”). However, De Vaan is skeptical of this derivation due to the suffix *-okos not being attested in any other word, and leaves the origin open.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫɔ.kʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlɔː.kus]

名詞

locus m (genitive locī); second declension

1. (masculine):
   1. place (referring to a specific location)

      aliquem in alicuius locum substituere ― to put someone in place of another

      • c. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitryon 2.1.565–8:hypotactic.com

        AMPHITRUŌ: Tūn mē, verberō, audēs erum lūdificārī?
        Tūne id dīcere audēs, quod nēmō umquam homō antehāc
        vīdit nec potest fīerī, tempore ūnō
        homō īdem duōbus locīs ut simul sit?

        AMPHITRUO: You scoundrel; you dare to play tricks on me?
        You dare to claim something which no man
        has seen before, as it cannot be done, that one
        man can be in two places at the same time?

      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.159–160:

        Est in sēcessū longō locus: īnsula portum
        efficit obiectū laterum [...].

        There is a place in deep isolation: [Here] an island, by the jutting of [its] sides, forms a harbor [...].

   2. a passage of literature
   3. opportunity; cause; occasion; grounds
2. (masculine in the singular; neuter in the plural):
   1. a region or general geographic area

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

The locative is attested in Plautus; however, it was restricted to sense 1.1 (“place”, referring to a specific location), and was not in common use by the Classical period.

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “locus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “locus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "locus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “locus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) pleasant districts; charming surroundings: loca amoena, amoenitas locorum
    
  • the fixed stars: sidera certis locis infixa
    
  • the situation of a place: situs loci
    
  • the natural position of a place: natura loci
    
  • the advantageous situation of a place: opportunitas loci (B. G. 3. 14)
    
  • to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
    
  • in many respects; in many points: multis rebus or locis
    
  • on every occasion; at every opportunity: quotienscunque occasio oblata est; omnibus locis
    
  • the whole domain of philosophy: omnes philosophiae loci
    
  • the points on which proofs are based; the grounds of proof: loci (τόποι) argumentorum (De Or. 2. 162)
    
  • the lyric portions of a tragedy: loci melici
    
  • (ambiguous) to reconnoitre the ground: loca, regiones, loci naturam explorare
    
  • a town with a strong natural position: oppidum natura loci munitum (B. G. 1. 38)
    
  • this is not the place to..: non est huius loci c. Inf.
    
  • this is not the place to..: non est hic locus, ut...
    
  • this passage is obscure: hic (ille) locus obscurus est
    
  • (ambiguous) heights, high ground: loca edita, superiora
    
  • (ambiguous) rough and hilly ground: loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22)
    
  • (ambiguous) level country; plains: loca plana or simply plana
    
  • (ambiguous) uncultivated districts: loca inculta
    
  • (ambiguous) deserts: loca deserta (opp. frequentia)
    
  • (ambiguous) pleasant districts; charming surroundings: loca amoena, amoenitas locorum
    
  • (ambiguous) the lightning has struck somewhere: fulmen locum tetigit
    
  • (ambiguous) to be favourably situated: opportuno loco situm or positum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) distant places: loca longinqua
    
  • (ambiguous) to leave a place: discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to leave a place: egredi loco; excedere ex loco
    
  • (ambiguous) to quit a place for ever: decedere loco, de, ex loco
    
  • (ambiguous) to collect together at one spot: in unum locum convenire, confluere
    
  • (ambiguous) not to stir from one's place: loco or vestigio se non movere
    
  • (ambiguous) to go to a place: se conferre in aliquem locum
    
  • (ambiguous) to go to a plac: petere locum
    
  • (ambiguous) to treat as one's own child: aliquem in liberorum loco habere
    
  • (ambiguous) my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter: res meae meliore loco, in meliore causa sunt
    
  • (ambiguous) the matter has gone so far that...; the state of affairs is such that..: res eo or in eum locum deducta est, ut...
    
  • (ambiguous) how are you getting on: quo loco res tuae sunt?
    
  • (ambiguous) to give ground for suspicion: locum dare suspicioni
    
  • (ambiguous) to collect, accumulate instances: multa exempla in unum (locum) colligere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be considered the foremost orator: primum or principem inter oratores locum obtinere
    
  • (ambiguous) at this point the question arises: hoc loco exsistit quaestio, quaeritur
    
  • (ambiguous) to be used as a proverb: proverbii locum obtinere (Tusc. 4. 16. 36)
    
  • (ambiguous) to quote a passage of Plato: locum Platonis afferre, proferre (not citare)
    
  • (ambiguous) our (not noster) author tells us at this point: scriptor hoc loco dicit
    
  • (ambiguous) Cicero says this somewhere: Cicero loco quodam haec dicit
    
  • (ambiguous) to dwell in a certain place: domicilium (sedem ac domicilium) habere in aliquo loco
    
  • (ambiguous) to hold the first position in the state: principem in re publica locum obtinere
    
  • (ambiguous) of high rank: summo loco natus
    
  • (ambiguous) of illustrious family: nobili, honesto, illustri loco or genere natus
    
  • (ambiguous) of humble, obscure origin: humili, obscuro loco natus
    
  • (ambiguous) from the lowest classes: infimo loco natus
    
  • (ambiguous) a knight by birth: equestri loco natus or ortus
    
  • (ambiguous) to occupy the first, second position in the state: principem (primum), secundum locum dignitatis obtinere
    
  • (ambiguous) to found a colony somewhere: coloniam deducere in aliquem locum (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...)
    
  • (ambiguous) to elect a man to fill the place of another who has died whilst in office: sufficere aliquem in alicuius locum or alicui
    
  • (ambiguous) to succeed a person in an office: alicui or in alicuius locum succedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to concentrate all the troops at one point: cogere omnes copias in unum locum
    
  • (ambiguous) to reconnoitre the ground: loca, regiones, loci naturam explorare
    
  • (ambiguous) to occupy a position (with troops): capere, occupare locum
    
  • (ambiguous) to occupy the high ground: occupare loca superiora
    
  • (ambiguous) to occupy a place beforehand: praeoccupare locum (Liv. 35. 27)
    
  • (ambiguous) in a favourable position: idoneo, aequo, suo (opp. iniquo) loco
    
  • (ambiguous) to choose suitable ground for an engagement: locum ad pugnam idoneum deligere
    
  • (ambiguous) to drive the enemy from his position: loco movere, depellere, deicere hostem (B. G. 7. 51)
    
  • (ambiguous) to abandon one's position: loco excedere
    
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti