chocolateとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Via Spanish chocolate from a Nahuatl word, widely given as chocolātl (with the second element being a reflex of Classical Nahuatl ātl (“water”)), although such a word does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century according to Karttunen. Dakin and Wichmann propose chicolātl as the original form (saying it survives in several modern Nahuatl dialects) and say the chicol- element refers to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate. Another theory is that the prefix came from Yucatec Maya chocol (“hot”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, Canada) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɒk.(ə.)lɪt/, /ˈt͡ʃɒk.(ə.)lət/, /t͡ʃɔk.(ə.)lət/
• (Received Pronunciation, dated) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɔːk.(ə.)lət/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɔk.(ə.)lɪt/
  • (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɑk.(ə.)lɪt/, /ˈt͡ʃɑk.lət/
• (General Australian, New Zealand, Scotland, Northern England) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɔk.(ə.)lət/
• (Ireland) IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɑk.(ə.)lɪt/, /ˈt͡ʃɔk.(ə.)lɪt/
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈtʃɔk(ɵ)leʈ/
• (Philippines) IPA: /ˈtʃokoleɪt/
• ハイフネーション: choc‧o‧late

名詞

chocolate (countable and uncountable, plural chocolates)

1. (chiefly uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.

   Chocolate is a very popular treat.

   • 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 62:

     In eighteenth century France, many aphrodisiac dishes and pastries were compounded with chocolate.

2. (chiefly uncountable) A drink made by dissolving this food in boiling milk or water.
   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Another London Life”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 168:

     Chocolate came in those fairy cups of India china, which made the delight of our grandmothers, and whose value was such, that the poet satirist considered their loss to be the severest trial to a woman's feelings—alias her temper;...

3. (countable) A single, small piece of confectionery made from chocolate.

   He bought her some chocolates as a gift. She ate one chocolate and threw the rest away.

   • 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 242:

     Madame de Pompadour was fond of chocolates spiced with vanilla and amber.

4. (uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).

   As he cooked it the whole thing turned a rich, deep chocolate.

   chocolate:  

5. (countable) A cat having a chocolate-colored coat.
6. (countable, slang) A black person.
   • 1967, James David Horan, The Right Image: A Novel of the Men who Make Candidates, page 73:

     "I suppose you have some of your sweet chocolates working for you?" Barney nodded.

   • 2011, Ella Campbell, Torn: The Melissa Williams Story, →ISBN, page 69:

     “How is my sexy chocolate?” Mark says on the other end.

   1. (uncountable) Blackness.
      • 2009, Evangeline Holloway, The Reincarnation of Love, →ISBN, page 83:

        I can consume as much of you as I want to without gaining weight. Sexy chocolate is what you are.

      • 2012, Harry Davis, My Name Is Lucas, →ISBN:

        “Yes Lucas, you're some fine sexy chocolate”, she whispered, her long dark hair covering her face and the curves bursting out of her dress.

同意語

Meronyms

Holonyms

• cacao
• cocoa bean

等位語

• carob

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Assamese: চক্লেট (soklet)
• → Bengali: চকলেট (cokoleṭ)
• → Burmese: ချောကလက် (hkyau:ka.lak)
• → Cantonese: 朱古力 (zyu gu lik)
  • → Hakka: 朱古力
  • → Teochew: 朱古力
• → Cebuano: tsokoleyt
• → Chickasaw: chaklit
• → Gujarati: ચોકલેટ (cokleṭ)
• → Hawaiian: kokoleka
• → Hindustani:
  • → Hindi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ, cŏkaleṭ), चाकलेट (cākleṭ)
  • → Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)
• → Irish: seacláid
• → Japanese: チョコレート (chokorēto), チョコ (choko)
  • → Taiwanese Hokkien: chio͘-kó͘-lè-tò͘
• → Kannada: ಚಾಕೋಲೆಟ್ (cākōleṭ)
• → Korean: 초콜릿 (chokollit)
• → Malay: coklat
  • →? Hokkien: 芝居力
• → Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)
• → Manx: shocklaid
• → Maori: tiakarete
• → Marathi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ)
• → Nepali: चकलेट (cakleṭ)
• → Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)
• → Persian: چاکلیت (čâklêt) (Dari)
• → Punjabi:
  • → Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕਲੇਟ (caukleṭ)
  • → Shahmukhi script: چاکلیٹ (caukleṭ)
• → Scottish Gaelic: teòclaid
• → Shanghainese: 巧克力 (chiau-kheq-liq; chiau-kheq-liq)
  • → Mandarin: 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì)
    • → Hakka: 巧克力
• → Sindhi: چاڪليٽ
• → Sinhalese: චොකලට් (cokalaṭ)
• → Swahili: chokoleti
• → Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)
• → Telugu: చాకొలెట్ (cākoleṭ)
• → Thai: ช็อกโกแลต (chɔ́k-goo-lɛ́t), ช็อกโกเลต (chɔ́k-goo-lét)
• → Welsh: siocled

形容詞

chocolate (comparative more chocolate, superlative most chocolate)

1. Made of or containing chocolate.
2. Having a dark reddish-brown colour/color.
3. (slang) Black (relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin).
   • 2005, Patrick Goines, Unfinished Business, page 29:

     She was a chocolate honey with all the assets necessary to never have to work hard to pay her bills.

   • 2010, Delores J. Dillard, Papua, New Guinea, 1983, page 27:

     Therefore, African Americans complexion range from fair to mahogony. When a baby is born, it's always a mystery of the hue of the child. Sometimes the child will be as white as the slave owner or as chocolate as a great great grandparent.

   • 2011, Stephanie Stokes Oliver, Daily Cornbread, page 200:

     If you are as chocolate as an African queen, do you really think you'll look better as a bottle blonde?

動詞

chocolate (third-person singular simple present chocolates, present participle chocolating, simple past and past participle chocolated)

1. (transitive, rare, chiefly in the past participle) To add chocolate to; to cover (food) in chocolate.
2. (rare, biology) To treat blood agar by heating in order to lyse the red blood cells in the medium.
   • 1992 August, R. Rennie, “Laboratory and Clinical Evaluations of Media for the Primary Isolation of Haemophilus Species”, in Journal of Clinical Microbiology, volume 30, number 8, page 1917:

     Other formulations have been adopted to supply these growth factors; these include heating or "chocolating" the blood agar to release NAD directly from the erythrocytes in the agar medium.

   • 2000, Ochei Et Al, Medical Laboratory Science : Theory And Practice, page 843:

     It is a chocolated blood agar but here whole horse blood is used.

   • 2003, Mark A. Herbert, Haemophilus influenzae Protocols, page 73:

     The mixture is incubated at 75°C until chocolating has taken place.

参照

Further reading

• “chocolate”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• Frances Karttunen (1983), An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, University of Texas Press, page 54
• chocolate on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Category:chocolate on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• chocolate on Wikiquote.Wikiquote
• Cookbook:Chocolate on Wikibooks.Wikibooks
• Portal:Chocolate on Wikisource.Wikisource
• Chocolate in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
• chocolate on Wikivoyage.Wikivoyage

アナグラム

• cacholote