perdoとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpɛr.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpɛr.d̪o]

動詞

perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem (Classical)
perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī, supine perditum); third conjugation (post-Classical)

1. to destroy, ruin, wreck

   Synonyms: dēstruō, ruīnō, occīdō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, tollō, dīruō, aboleō, exscindō, accīdō, populor, interimō, impellō, sepeliō, absūmō, perimō, trucīdō

   Dī tē perduint!

   May the gods damn you!

   Antonyms: ēmendō, reficiō, reparō, corrigō, medeor

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 642:

     PAMPHILUS: Chārīne, et mē et tē, imprūdēns — nisi quid Dī respiciunt — perdidī!

     PAMPHILUS: Charinus, me and you both, unintentionally — unless the gods care about what [has happened] — I’ve ruined [us]!
     (In the comic context, Pamphilus is being hesitant to admit any responsibility to his friend Charinus.)

2. to waste, squander

   Synonyms: abūtor, conterō, cōnsūmō, dissipō, effundō

   • Suetonius writing of Titus

     Atque etiam recordatus quondam super cenam, quod nihil cuiquam toto die praestitisset, memorabilem illam meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: "Amici, diem perdidi".

     One evening at dinner, realizing that he had done nobody any favour throughout the entire day, he spoke these memorable words: "Friends, I have wasted a day".

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.2.13:

     verba miser frūstrā nōn prōficientia perdō.

     Wretched [as I am], vainly I waste words, making no progress.

3. to have no more, to be deprived of

   Synonyms: dēsum, egeō, indigeō, careō, dēlinquō, dēficiō, cessō

   Antonyms: flōreō, abundō, affluō, niteō

4. to lose utterly, suffer loss

   Synonym: āmittō

使用する際の注意点

• Speakers of Classical Latin typically avoided the passive forms of this verb, using pereō instead.

Conjugation

• Classical Latin conjugation, without passive forms (note the alternative present subjunctive, especially common in Plautus):

• Complete conjugation, in later Latin:

等位語

• pereō

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “perdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “perdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• perdo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• perdo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    
  • (ambiguous) to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's labour: operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose hope: spem perdere
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's case: causam or litem amittere, perdere