biennisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [biˈɛn.nɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [biˈɛn.nis]

形容詞

biennis (neuter bienne); third-declension two-termination adjective (unattested outside of glosses)

1. two-year-old

   Synonym: bīmus

   • c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae XVI.VI.XII-XV:

     P. autem Nigidius in libro, quem de extis composuit, "bidentes" appellari ait non oves solas, sed omnes bimas hostias, neque tamen dixit apertius, cur bidentes; Hyginus tamen Iulius, qui ius pontificum non videtur ignorasse, in quarto librorum, quos de Vergilio fecit, "bidentes" appellari scripsit hostias, quae per aetatem duos dentes altiores haberent. Verba illius ipsa posui: "Quae "bidens" est" inquit "hostia, oportet habeat dentes octo, sed ex his duo ceteris altiores, per quos appareat ex minore aetate in maiorem transcendisse". Haec Hygini opinio an vera sit, non argumentis, sed oculis iudicari potest.

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   • Servius Honoratus, Commentarii in Vergilii Aeneidem IV.57:

     LECTAS BIDENTES: non vacat 'lectas'; moris enim fuerat ut ad sacrificia eligerentur oves, quibus nihil deesset, ut in sexto “nunc grege de intacto septem mactare iuvencos” . 'bidentes' autem dictae sunt quasi biennes, quia neque minores, neque maiores licebat hostias dare. sunt etiam in ovibus duo eminentiores dentes inter octo, qui non nisi circa bimatum apparent: nec in omnibus, sed in his quae sunt aptae sacris, inveniuntur.

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   • c. 431 CE, Macrobius, Saturnalia 6.9:

     Sed in commentariis ad ius pontificium pertinentibus legi bidennes [oves] primo dictas, d littera ex superfluo, ut saepe adsolet, interiecta. Sic pro reire redire dicitur, et pro reamare redamare, et redarguere, non rearguere. Ad hiatum enim duarum vocalium procurandum interponi solet d littera. Ergo bidennes primum dictae sunt quasi biennes, et longo usu loquendi corrupta est vox ex bidennibus in bidentes. Hyginus tamen, qui ius pontificium non ignoravit, in quinto librorum quos de Virgilio fecit bidentes appellari scripsit hostias quae per aetatem duos dentes altiores haberent, per quos ex minore in maiorem transcendisse constaret aetatem.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. of two years, lasting two years

   Synonym: biennālis

   • Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus, Ars grammatica Littera B:

     Bimus, quasi bihiemis, et inde bimatus derivatur, a b incipit; et biennis quasi duorum annorum.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

This term is only textually attested from the 2nd century AD in the works of Aulus Gellius to explain the origins of the word bidēns (“a young sacrificial sheep; (according to Nigidius Figulus (1st century BC), as quoted in Gellius, Noctes Atticae, XVI. VI. XII) any sacrificial animal having the age of two”); the author also refers to prior actors of the same theory, supporting the view that the word was not entirely forged. Moreover, the classically-attested derivative biennium further suggests that the term was, or had already been used.

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

派生語

等位語

派生した語

• Italian: bienne
• Spanish: biene

Further reading

• “bĭennis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “bĭennis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 217/2.
• “biennis” on page 233/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)