finisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈfɪnɪs/, /fiːˈniː/
• 韻: -ɪnɪs, -iː
• ハイフネーション: fi‧nis

名詞

finis

1. Of a book or other work: the end.
   • 1836, [Frederick Marryat], “In which our hero finds out that trigonometry is not only necessary to navigation, but may be required in settling affairs of honour”, in Mr. Midshipman Easy […], volume II, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, page 32:

     He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.

   • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], pages 570–571:

     Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious that, but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour, the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward, […]

参考

• the end

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈfiː.nɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈfiː.nis]

名詞

fīnis m or f (genitive fīnis); third declension

1. end

   Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen

   in finem ― eternally

   ad finem ― to the end

   finem facio ― I cease

   • 29-19 BC, Vergil. Aeneid, 1.199

     dabit Deus hīs quoque fīnem

     God will give an end to these (things) also.

2. limit, border, bound boundary, frontier

   Synonyms: līmes, modus, cacūmen

3. (in the plural) boundaries, bounds, frontiers; by extension, territory, region, lands
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:

     Quā dē causā Helvētiī quoque reliquōs Gallōs virtūte praecēdunt, quod ferē cotīdiānīs proeliīs cum Germānīs contendunt, cum aut suīs fīnibus eōs prohibent aut ipsī in eōrum fīnibus bellum gerunt.

     For this reason, the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, because they fight in almost daily battles with the Germans, when either they keep them [the Germans] away from their own [Helvetian] territories, or [the Helvetians] themselves wage war in their [the Germans’] lands.
     (Caesar’s use of bellum gerunt signifies more than minor skirmishes to defend a border. The first instance of fīnibus is an Ablative of Separation governed by the verb prohibent (“keep away from”); the second is an Ablative of Place Where. For comparison, the 1869 translation by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn: “…when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers.”)

4. limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.

     For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.

5. end, purpose, aim, object, telos

   Synonyms: voluntās, intentiō, cōnsilium, propositum, animus, mēns

6. death, end (of life)

   Synonyms: mors, fūnus, fātum, interitus, exitus, perniciēs, somnus, sopor

7. amount (in late juridical writings)

使用する際の注意点

According to Lewis & Short, finis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).

派生語

派生した語

動詞

fīnīs

1. second-person singular present active of fīniō

参照

Further reading

• “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• "finis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “finis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
    
  • to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
    
  • to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
    
  • such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13)
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
    
  • to come to an end: finem habere
    
  • to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
    
  • to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
    
  • to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire