haloとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈheɪləʊ/
• (米国発音) enPR: hāʹlō, IPA: /ˈheɪloʊ/
• 韻: -eɪləʊ
• ハイフネーション: ha‧lo

名詞

halo (plural halos or haloes)

1. A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.
2. (astronomy) A cloud of gas and other matter surrounding and captured by the gravitational field of a large diffuse astronomical object, such as a galaxy or cluster of galaxies.
3. Anything resembling this band, such as an effect caused by imperfect developing of photographs.
4. (religion) nimbus, a luminous disc, often of gold, around or over the heads of saints, etc., in religious paintings.
5. The metaphorical aura of glory, veneration or sentiment which surrounds an idealized entity.

   her halo slipped

   • 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:

     O! yearning heart! I did inherit
     Thy withering portion with the fame,
     The searing glory which hath shone
     Amid the jewels of my throne,
     Halo of Hell!

6. (advertising) The bias caused by the halo effect.
   • 2016, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, Food Literacy: How Do Communications and Marketing Impact Consumer Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior?, page 51:

     In both cases, they found that […] there was a halo effect (e.g., when a "low cholesterol" claim was made, consumers perceived other nutrients, such as fat, also to be at low levels when they were actually high). Andrews reported that these misleading halos were reduced only when the claims were accompanied by an evaluative disclosure […]

7. (art, religion, iconography) a circular annulus ring, frequently luminous, often golden, floating above the head
8. (medicine) A circular brace used to keep the head and neck in position.
9. (motor racing) A roll bar placed in front of the driver, used to protect the cockpit of an open cockpit racecar.
10. (automotive) Ellipsis of halo headlight.

同意語

• (luminous disc around head of saints in paintings): aureole, nimbus

派生語

動詞

halo (third-person singular simple present haloes, present participle haloing, simple past and past participle haloed)

1. (transitive) To encircle with a halo.

   Synonym: inaureole

関連する語

参照

• “halo” in Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 7th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1963 (1967 printing), →OCLC.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “halo”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• hola

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈhaː.ɫoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.lo]

動詞

hālō (present infinitive hālāre, perfect active hālāvī, supine hālātum); first conjugation

1. to breathe

   Synonym: spīrō

2. to emit, exhale, release (gas or fragrance)
3. to be fragrant
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.416–418:

     Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit sedesque revisit
     Laeta suas ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo⁠⁠⁠
     Ture calent arae sertisque recentibus halant.

     [Venus] goes flying back to Paphos and sees happily again her seat
     Where there is a temple to her and a hundred altars
     That warmly glow with Sheban incense and are perfumed by fresh wreaths.

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.109–111:

     Invitent croceis [apes] halantes floribus horti
     Et custos furum atque avium cum falce saligna
     Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi.

     May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

• >? Old French: haler
  • ⇒ French: haleter
• > Northern Calabrese: alari
• > Campanian
  • → Torrese: jalà
  • → Neapolitan: alà
    • → Judeo-Neapolitan: ajalà, jalià

参照

Further reading

• “halo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “halo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “halo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.