GLOSSとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Probably from a North Germanic language, compare Icelandic glossi (“spark, flame”), glossa (“to flame”); or perhaps from dialectal Dutch gloos (“a glow, flare”), related to West Frisian gloeze (“a glow”), Middle Low German glȫsen (“to smoulder, glow”), German glosen (“to smoulder”); ultimately from Proto-Germanic *glus- (“to glow, shine”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to flourish; be green or yellow”). More at glow.

名詞

gloss (usually uncountable, plural glosses)

1. A surface shine or luster.

   Synonyms: brilliance, gleam, luster, sheen, shine

2. (figuratively) A superficially or deceptively attractive appearance.

   Synonyms: façade, front, veneer.

   • 1770, [Oliver] Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, a Poem, London: […] W[illiam] Griffin, […], →OCLC:

     To me more dear, congenial to my heart, / One native charm than all the gloss of art.

   • 2013 September 7, Daniel Taylor, “Danny Welbeck leads England's rout of Moldova but hit by Ukraine ban”, in The Guardian‎:

     Hodgson may now have to bring in James Milner on the left and, on that basis, a certain amount of gloss was taken off a night on which Welbeck scored twice but barely celebrated either before leaving the pitch angrily complaining to the Slovakian referee.

派生語

関連する語

• glow

動詞

gloss (third-person singular simple present glosses, present participle glossing, simple past and past participle glossed)

1. (transitive) To give a gloss or sheen to.

   Synonyms: polish, shine

2. (transitive) To make (something) attractive by deception
   • 1722, Ambrose Philips, The Briton:

     You have the art to gloss the foulest cause.

3. (intransitive) To become shiny.
4. (transitive, idiomatic) Used in a phrasal verb: gloss over (“to cover up a mistake or crime, to treat something with less care than it deserves”).

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 glosse, glose, from Late Latin glōssa (“obsolete or foreign word requiring explanation”), from Ancient Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa, “language”). Doublet of glossa.

名詞

gloss (plural glosses)

1. (countable) A brief explanatory note or translation of a foreign, archaic, technical, difficult, complex, or uncommon expression, inserted after the original, in the margin of a document, or between lines of a text.

   Synonyms: gloze, annotation

   Hypernyms: explanation, note, marginalia

   • 1684, Samuel Butler, Hudibras:

     All this, without a gloss or comment, / He would unriddle in a moment.

   • 2021, Mary Wellesley, The Gilded Page: The Secret Lives of Medieval Manuscripts, page 9:

     He was a prolific annotator - writing around fifty thousand glosses in as many as twenty manuscripts.

2. (countable) Synonym of glossary, a collection of such notes.
3. (countable, obsolete) An expression requiring such explanatory treatment.
4. (countable) An extensive commentary on some text.

   Synonyms: commentary, discourse, discussion

5. (countable, law, US) An interpretation by a court of a specific point within a statute or case law.
   • 1979, American Bar Foundation., Annotated code of professional responsibility, page ix:

     This volume is thus not a narrowly defined treatment of the Code of Professional Responsibility but rather represents a "common law" gloss on it.

   • 2007, Bruce R. Hopkins., The law of tax-exempt organizations., page 76:

     Judicial Gloss on Test [section title]

6. (lexicography) A definition or explanation of a word sense.
   • 2007, Martin Rajman, Speech and Language Engineering, pages 244 text=For instance the concept {cat, true cat} has the following gloss: / "feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar".:
   • 2011, Gabriele Stein, “The linking of lemma to gloss in Elyot's Dictionary (1538)”, in Olga Timoleeva, Tanja Saily, editor, Words in Dictionaries and History: Essays in Honour of R. W. McConchie:

     Dictionary entries comprise two essential parts, the headword ('lemma') and the author's explanation ('gloss').

   • 2019, Jonathan Kline, A Proverb a Day in Biblical Hebrew, page xi:

     Therefore, for many of the Hebrew words in this book, I have provided more than one gloss (using a slash to separate alternatives, or double slashes when a single slash would be ambiguous), in order to give you a sense of the possible meanings of nuances […] .

派生語

• beglossed

関連する語

語源 3

From 中期英語 glossen, glosen, from Old French gloser and Medieval Latin glossāre.

動詞

gloss (third-person singular simple present glosses, present participle glossing, simple past and past participle glossed)

1. (transitive) To add a gloss to (a text).

   Synonyms: annotate, mark up

派生語

• gloss over

Further reading

• gloss (material appearance) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gloss (annotation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “gloss”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “gloss”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “gloss”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• slogs