pitchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /pɪt͡ʃ/
• 韻: -ɪtʃ

語源 1

From 中期英語 picche, piche, pich, from 古期英語 piċ, from Proto-West Germanic *pik, from Latin pix. Cognate with Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch, tar”), Latin pīnus (“pine”). More at pine. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pik (“pitch, tar”), Dutch pek (“pitch, tar”), German Low German Pick (“pitch, tar”), German Pech (“pitch, tar”), Catalan pega (“pitch”), Spanish pegar (“to stick, glue”), Franco-Provençal pouatche (“sap from a pine”) and French poix (“sap”). The adjective is probably back-formed from pitch-black, reinterpreting "pitch" as meaning "intense(ly)".

名詞

pitch (countable and uncountable, plural pitches)

1. A sticky, gummy substance secreted by trees; sap.

   It is hard to get this pitch off my hand.

2. A dark, extremely viscous material still remaining after distilling crude oil and tar.

   They put pitch on the mast to protect it.

   The barrel was sealed with pitch.

   It was pitch black because there was no moon.

3. (geology) Pitchstone.

派生語

派生した語

• → Galician: piche
• → Portuguese: piche

参考

• piceous

動詞

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched)

1. To cover or smear with pitch.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 6:14:

     “Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.”

2. To darken; to blacken; to obscure.
   • 1704 (published), year written unknown, John Dryden, On the Death of Amyntas

     Soon he found / The welkin pitch'd with sullen clouds.

形容詞

pitch (comparative pitcher, superlative pitchest)

1. Very dark black; pitch-black.
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:pitch.
2. (of a black color) Intense, deep, dark.
   • 2008 July 15, Edward Morgan Forster, Christopher Isherwood, Letters Between Forster and Isherwood on Homosexuality and Literature, Palgrave MacMillan:

     Then I got back here - difficulty again: no trolly-bus, and and black pitcher than black - and have since been conning the Beveridge Report.

   • 2013 February 26, Dale E. Basye, Snivel: The Fifth Circle of Heck, Yearling, →ISBN, page 162:

     If you lose even once, that's it: The screen goes, like, the pitchest black ever, and you're [out].

   • 2016 August 30, Mandy Arioto, Starry-Eyed: Seeing Grace in the Unfolding Constellation of Life and Motherhood, Zondervan, →ISBN, page 19:

     For some of us postpartum depression is the pitchest black we have ever known. From the dark womb we welcome new life, and our own new life, a life we haven't known, unfolds […]

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:pitchest-black.

語源 2

From 中期英語 picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from 古期英語 *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence 中期英語 pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

名詞

pitch (plural pitches)

1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand.

   a good pitch in quoits

2. (baseball) The act of pitching a baseball.

   The pitch was low and inside.

3. (sports, UK, Australia, New Zealand) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)

   The teams met on the pitch.

4. (golf) A short, high, lofty shot that lands with backspin.
5. (rare) The field of battle.
   • 1845, Owen Connellan, Annals of Ireland: Translated from the Original Irish of the Four Masters‎, page 179:

     “The two men of Alltraighe maintain, Two chiefs of the plain of Kerry, A clan the most active in pitch of battle, Their chiefs are O’Neide and Clan Conary.”

   • 2015, SK Benton, Lives of Future-Past‎:

     Every other day they would spend half of the training hours on the battle pitch.

   • 2018, Christopher R. Lakey, Sculptural Seeing: Relief, Optics and the Rise of Perspectives in Medieval Italy‎, page 84:

     George’s cult was popular in the east because of his legendary feats on the battle pitch and because of the location of his tomb, which was a pilgrimage site.

6. An effort to sell or promote something.

   He gave me a sales pitch.

7. The distance between evenly spaced objects, e.g. the teeth of a saw or gear, the turns of a screw thread, the centres of holes, or letters in a monospace font.

   The pitch of pixels on the point scale is 72 pixels per inch.

   The pitch of this saw is perfect for that type of wood.

   A helical scan with a pitch of zero is equivalent to constant z-axis scanning.

8. The angle at which an object sits.

   the pitch of the roof or haystack

9. The rotation angle about the transverse axis.
   1. (nautical, aviation) The degree to which a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, rotates on such an axis, tilting its bow or nose up or down.

      Coordinate terms: roll, yaw; heave

      the pitch of an aircraft

   2. (aviation) A measure of the angle of attack of a propeller.

      The propeller blades' pitch went to 90° as the engine was feathered.

10. An area in a market (or similar) allocated to a particular trader.
11. (by extension) The place where a busker performs, a prostitute solicits clients, or an illegal gambling game etc. is set up before the public.
    • 1975, Tom A. Cullen, The Prostitutes' Padre, page 94:

      Another reason is that the prostitute who makes her pitch at Marble Arch stands a chance of being picked up by an out-of-town business man stopping at one of the hotels in the vicinity, and of being treated to a steak dinner […]

12. An area on a campsite intended for occupation by a single tent, caravan or similar.
13. A level or degree, or (by extension), a peak or highest degree.
    • September 28, 1710, Joseph Addison, Whig-Examiner No. 2

      He lived at a time when learning was at its highest pitch.

    • 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral, Oxford University Press, published 1973, section 11:

      But, except the mind be disordered by disease or madness, they never can arrive at such a pitch of vivacity

    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

      In the eyes of Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke the apotheosis of the Celebrity was complete. The people of Asquith were not only willing to attend the house-warming, but had been worked up to the pitch of eagerness.

    • 2014, James Booth, Philip Larkin: Life, Art and Love, page 190:

      In this poem his 'vernacular' bluster and garish misrhymes build to a pitch of rowdy anarchy […]

14. A point or peak; the extreme point of elevation or depression.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

      Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down / Into this deep.

15. The most thrust-out point of a headland or cape.
    • 2014, John Narborough, Abel Tasman, John Wood, An Account of Several Late Voyages and Discoveries to the South and North, →ISBN:

      From the pitch of Cape-Fraward, to the pitch of Cape-Holland, the Streight lies in the Channel West and by North, nearest, and is distant full five Leagues;

16. (obsolete, uncountable) Collectively, the outermost points of some part of the body, especially the shoulders or hips.
    • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act (please specify |act=I or II), scene i:

      Such breadth of ſhoulders as might mainely beare
      Olde Atlas burthen, twixt his manly pitch,
      A pearle more worth, then all the world is plaſte:

17. The height a bird reaches in flight, especially a bird of prey preparing to swoop down on its prey.
18. (now British, regional) A person's or animal's height.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 2:

      Alba the emperor was crook-backed, Epictetus lame; that great Alexander a little man of stature, Augustus Cæsar of the same pitch […] .

    • 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:

      So like in person, garb, and pitch,
      'Twas hard t' interpret which was which

19. Prominence; importance.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

      Enterprises of great pitch and moment.

20. (climbing) A section of a climb or rock face; specifically, the climbing distance between belays or stances.
    • 1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 265:

      The line turns a sharp right-angle to the north to circumvent the town, and then plunges straight into the 1 in 50, which lasts for nearly 20 miles with few intermissions, and some pitches of 1 in 40.

    • 1967, Anthony Greenbank, Instructions in Mountaineering, page 84:

      You lead "through" instead — your companion leads a pitch, then you join him. But instead of swapping over at the ice axe belay, you carry on in the lead, cutting or kicking steps until you are about twenty feet above.

21. (caving) A vertical cave passage, only negotiable by using rope or ladders.

    The entrance pitch requires 30 metres of rope.

22. (cricket) That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights when bowled.
23. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.
24. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant.

    a steep pitch in the road

    the pitch of a roof

25. (mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.

下位語

• football pitch

派生語

動詞

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched or (obsolete) pight)

1. (transitive) To throw.

   Synonyms: fling, hurl; see also Thesaurus:throw

   He pitched the horseshoe.

2. (transitive or intransitive, baseball) To throw (the ball) toward a batter at home plate.

   The hurler pitched a curveball.

   He pitched high and inside.

3. (intransitive, baseball) To play baseball in the position of pitcher.

   Bob pitches today.

4. (transitive) To throw away; discard.

   Synonyms: cast aside, throw away; see also Thesaurus:junk

   He pitched the candy wrapper.

5. (transitive) To promote, advertise, or attempt to sell.

   He pitched the idea for months with no takers.

6. (transitive) To deliver in a certain tone or style, or with a certain audience in mind.

   At which level should I pitch my presentation?

7. (transitive) To assemble or erect (a tent). Also used figuratively.

   Pitch the tent over there.

   • 2024 April 16, Gaby Hinsliff, “Liz Truss has kindly offered to ‘save the west’. But who will save her from her delusions?”, in The Guardian‎:

     Why not, when it was clearly now possible to pitch your tent well beyond whatever expert consensus considered reasonable and be lionised instead of punished [...]

8. (intransitive) To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:25:

     Laban with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead.

9. (ambitransitive, aviation or nautical) To move so that the front of an aircraft or boat goes alternatively up and down.

   The typhoon pitched the deck of the ship.

   The airplane pitched.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 28, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 136:

     His bone leg steadied in that hole ; one arm elevated, and holding by a shroud ; Captain Ahab stood erect, looking straight out beyond the ship's ever-pitching prow.

   • 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 103:

     Half a dozen deserted boats pitched aimlessly upon the confusion of the waves.

10. (transitive) To set at an angle, especially a downwards one; to cause to tilt.
    • 2020 August 4, Don Kostelec, ““Fully implement ADA.” Do agencies know what that means?”, in Kostelec Planning‎:

      Driveway cross slopes along Owyhee Street in Boise reach nearly 9%, which could cause a person in a wheelchair or using another mobility device to be pitched into the street. The cross slope should be no greater than 2% in order to prevent this.

11. (transitive, golf) To play a short, high, lofty shot that lands with backspin.

    The only way to get on the green from here is to pitch the ball over the bunker.

12. (intransitive, cricket) To bounce on the playing surface.

    The ball pitched well short of the batsman.

13. (intransitive, Bristol, of snow) To settle and build up, without melting.
14. (intransitive, archaic) To alight; to settle; to come to rest from flight.
    • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

      the tree whereon they [the bees] pitch

15. (with on or upon) To fix one's choice.
    • a. 1694, John Tillotson, The Precepts of Christianity not grievous:

      Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the more easy.

    • 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 53:

      "'Tis very unlucky that we didn't pitch on a sound one, when there were so many more of 'em!"

16. (intransitive) To plunge or fall; especially, to fall forward; to decline or slope.

    to pitch from a precipice

    The field pitches toward the east.

17. (transitive) To set, face, or pave (an embankment or roadway) with rubble or undressed stones.
    • 1838, Thomas Hughes, The Practice of Making & Repairing Roads:

      […] pitch the road with hard stones [rather] than to break them up for a road covering

18. (transitive) To set or fix (a price or value).
    • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC:

      Whose vultur thought doth pitch the price so hie,
      That she will draw his lips rich treasure drie.

19. (transitive, card games, slang) To discard (a card) for some gain.
20. To attack, or position or assemble for attack.
    • 1801, Thomas Coke, chapter 11, in A Commentary on the Holy Bible: Commentary on the Old Teatament‎, Joshua, page 51, verse 5:

      They pitched at the waters of Merom. These waters of Merom are generally thought to be nothing but the lake of Semechon,[…]

    • 1866, Charles Dickens, Works: Sketches by Boz: Illustrative of Every-day Life and Every-day People with Illustrations by George Cruikshank‎, page 65:

      “Vy don’t you pitch into her Sarah?” exclaims one half-dressed matron by way of encouragement.

    • 1868, Rock Ruin; or the Daughter of the Island, page 23:

      Yet I sometimes long to pitch at him for daring to lift his eyes this way; I always feel the blood tingling at my finger’s end whenever he crosses my path.

    • 1886, James Osgood Andrew Clark, Elijah Vindicated: Or The Answer by Fire‎, page 378:

      On the seventh day after the two armies were pitched against each other in the plain before Aphek the battle was joined, the Syrians were routed, and a hundred thousand of their foot-men were slain in one day.

    • 1892, Louis Barnett Abrahams, A Manual of Scripture History for Use in Jewish Schools and Families‎, page 72:

      The Philistines, hearing that Israel were assembled at Mizpeh, raised an army and pitched against them.

    • 2015, William Dean Howells, Delphi Complete Works of William Dean Howells:

      He would pitch into her, and pitch into himself, and then he would dwell on her good qualities, […]

    • 2016, A. González Enciso, War, Power and the Economy: Mercantilism and state formation in 18th-century Europe‎, page 144:

      If Spain was to fight in the Americas, for example, the Royal Navy could pitch against it over 300 ships in the seventies (Morris 2011:13-32), deployed in various parts of the world.

21. (brewing) To add yeast as a step while making beer
    • 2004 September 1, L. F. Guido, P. G. Rodrigues, J. A. Rodrigues, C. R. Gonçalves, A. A. Barros, “The impact of the physiological condition of the pitching yeast on beer flavour stability: an industrial approach”, in Food Chemistry‎, volume 87, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 187–193:

      except for the cell growth which is higher for the yeast pitched with lower vitality

    • 2009 February 1, P. J. Verbelen, T. M. L. Dekoninck, S. M. G. Saerens, S. E. Van Mulders, J. M. Thevelein, “Impact of pitching rate on yeast fermentation performance and beer flavour”, in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology‎, volume 82, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 155–167:

      five pitching rates were applied to lab-scale fermentations to investigate its impact on the yeast

    • 2019 August 1, Girmay Kalayu, “Serial re-pitching: its effect on yeast physiology, fermentation performance, and product quality”, in Annals of Microbiology‎, volume 69, number 8, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 787–796:

      Since yeast propagation is time and resource intensive, it is customary to serially re-pitch yeast

派生語

派生した語

• Spanish: pichar

語源 3

Unknown. Perhaps from the above sense of "inclination", "level", or "degree", or influenced by it.

名詞

pitch (countable and uncountable, plural pitches)

1. (music, phonetics) The perceived frequency of a sound, note or electromagnetic wave.

   The pitch of middle "C" is familiar to many musicians.

   • 1895 February 28, Ludwig Boltzmann, “On Certain Questions of the Theory of Gases" (Letters to the Editor)”, in Nature‎, volume 51, number 1322, page 414:

     Hertzian waves are not caused by vibrations of the ponderable matter of the brass balls, the form of which only determines the pitch.

2. (music) The standard to which a group of musical instruments are tuned or in which a piece is performed, usually by reference to the frequency to which the musical note A above middle C is tuned.

   Are we in baroque pitch for this one?

3. (music) In an a cappella group, the singer responsible for singing a note for the other members to tune themselves by.

   Bob, our pitch, let out a clear middle "C" and our conductor gave the signal to start.

派生語

動詞

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched)

1. (intransitive) To produce a note of a given pitch.
   • 1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter 3, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1953, →ISBN, →OCLC:

     […] now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher.

2. (transitive) To fix or set the tone of.
   • 1955 October, Rex Stout, “Die Like a Dog”, in Three Witnesses, Bantam, published 1994, →ISBN, pages 196–197:

     His "hello" was enough to recognize his voice by. I pitched mine low so he wouldn't know it.

派生語

参照

• “pitch”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• pitch on Wikipedia.Wikipedia