routとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

The noun is derived from 中期英語 rout, route (“group of people associated with one another, company; entourage, retinue; army; group of soldiers; group of pirates; large number of people, crowd; throng; group of disreputable people, mob; riot; group of animals; group of objects; proper condition or manner”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman route, rute, Middle French rote, route, Old French rote, route, rute (“group of people, company; group of armed people; group of criminals; group of cattle”) (modern French route (obsolete)), from Latin rupta (compare Late Latin ruta, rutta (“group of marauders; riot; unlawful assembly”)), the feminine of ruptus (“broken; burst, ruptured”), the perfect passive participle of rumpō (“to break, burst, rupture, tear; to force open; (figurative) to annul; to destroy; to interrupt”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break; to tear (up)”). The English word is a doublet of route.

The verb is derived from 中期英語 routen (“to assemble, congregate; of animals: to herd together; to regroup, make a stand against; to be riotous, to riot”) [and other forms], from rout, route (noun); see above.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• (Canada) IPA: [ɹʌʊt]
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

名詞

rout (countable and uncountable, plural routs)

1. (countable, obsolete) A group of people; a crowd, a throng, a troop; in particular (archaic), a group of people accompanying or travelling with someone.

   Synonyms: company, gathering

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 44, page 284:

     A route of people there aſſembled were, / Of euery ſort and nation vnder skye, [...]

   • 1691, [Anthony Wood], “Fasti Oxonienses”, in Athenæ Oxonienses. An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops who have had Their Education in the Most Ancient and Famous University of Oxford from the Fifteenth Year of King Henry the Seventh, Dom. 1500, to the End of the Year 1690. […], volume I (Extending to the 16th Year of King Charles I. Dom. 1640), London: […] Tho[mas] Bennet […], →OCLC, column 744:

     The Incorporations this year did moſtly conſiſt of Cantabrigians who had lately come to this University for preferment from the Viſitors, when the great rout of Royalliſts were by then made in this University.

   • 1955, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King‎, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 315:

     'Is there anyone in this rout with authority to treat with me?' he asked.

2. (countable, archaic) A group of animals, especially one which is lively or unruly, or made up of wild animals such as wolves; a flock, a herd, a pack.
3. (countable) A group of disorganized things.
4. (countable) A group of (often violent) criminals or gangsters; such people as a class; (more generally) a disorderly and tumultuous crowd, a mob; hence (archaic, preceded by the), the common people as a group, the rabble.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 51, page 74:

     Beſides the endleſſe routs of wretched thralles, / VVhich thether were aſſembled day by day, / From all the world after their wofull falles, / Through wicked pride, and waſted welthes decay.

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 127, column 2:

     The Ring-leader and Head of all this Rout, / Haue practis'd dangerouſly againſt your State, / Dealing with Witches and with Coniurers, [...]

   • 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto I.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 3:

     When Gospel-Trumpeter surrounded, / With long-ear'd rout to Battel sounded, / And Pulpit, Drum Ecclesiastick, / Was beat with fist, instead of a stick:

   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 44, lines 675–677:

     Nor do I name of men the common rout, / That wandring looſe about / Grow up and periſh, as the ſummer flie, [...]

   • 1928 February, H[oward] P[hillips] Lovecraft, “The Call of Cthulhu”, in Farnsworth Wright, editor, Weird Tales: A Magazine of the Bizarre and Unusual, volume 11, number 2, Indianapolis, Ind.: Popular Fiction Pub. Co., →OCLC, pages 159–178 and 287:

     [A]lthough there must have been nearly a hundred mongrel celebrants in the throng, the police relied on their firearms and plunged determinedly into the nauseous rout.

   • 1938, Edith Wharton, chapter IV, in Gaillard [Thomas] Lapsley, editor, The Buccaneers, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton-Century Company, →OCLC, book I, page 43:

     For it was clearly in search of her that the rabble rout had come. The dancing nymphs hailed her with joyful giggles, the poodle sprang on her with dusty paws, and then turned a somersault in her honour, and from the driver's box came the twang of a guitar and the familiar wail of: Nita, Juanita, ask thy soul if we must part?

5. (countable, dated) A fashionable assembly; a large evening party, a soirée.
   • 1783 May, “Domestic Occurrences. [Thursday 8.]”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Chronicle, volume LIII, London: […] John Nichols, for D. Henry, […], and sold by E[lizabeth] Newbery, […], →OCLC, page 444, column 2:

     The Ducheſs or Marlborough had one of the grandeſt routs that has been given for ſome time, almoſt the whole of the firſt people of rank and faſhion in England being preſent. This being a new birth to conviviality in Marlborough Houſe, and the firſt rout for theſe ſeven laſt years, it was uncommonly crouded.

   • 1799 January, “An Ode. The Invitation.”, in The Monthly Magazine, or British Register, volume VII, part I, number XLI, London: […] R[ichard] Phillips, […], →OCLC, page 43, column 1:

     Come then, ſweet ſpring's delights to taſte; / No longer, my Maria, waſte / Thoſe hours in routs and noiſe, [...]

   • 1826, Walter Savage Landor, “Conversation IV. Southey and Porson.”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn,  […], →OCLC, page 78:

     The ancients have always been opposed to them; just as, at routs and dances, elderly beauties to younger.

   • 1832 January, “The Premier and His Wife: A Story of the Great World”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume XXXI, number CLXXXIX, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 91, column 2:

     The envoys were not often compelled to forego the toilet for the desk, nor the beaux secretaires, to give up their lessons on the guitar for the drudgery of copying dispatches. A "protocol" would have scared the gentle state from its propriety; and the arrival of the Morning Post, once a week from London, with the account of routs in which they had not shared, and the anticipation of dinners and déjeûnés which they were never to enjoy, was the only pain which Diplomacy suffered to raise a ripple on the tranquil surface of its soul.

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Captain Dobbin Proceeds on His Canvass”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 194:

     By a little inquiry regarding his mother's engagements, he was pretty soon able to find out by whom of her ladyship's friends parties were given at that season; where he would be likely to meet Osborne's sisters; and, though he had that abhorrence of routs and evening parties which many sensible men, alas, entertain, he soon found one where the Miss Osbornes were to be present.

6. (countable, archaic) A noisy disturbance; also, a disorderly argument or fight, a brawl; (uncountable) disturbance of the peace, commotion, tumult.
   • 1838, Richard Chenevix Trench, “A Walk in a Church-yard”, in Sabbation; Honor Neale; and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza II, page 62:

     "Nay, child! it is not well," I said, / "Among the graves to shout; / To laugh and play among the dead, / And make this noisy rout."

7. (countable, law, historical) An illegal assembly of people; specifically, three or more people who have come together intending to do something illegal, and who have taken steps towards this, regarded as more serious than an unlawful assembly but not as serious as a riot; the act of assembling in this manner.

派生語

派生した語

• → French: raout

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed)

1. (intransitive, obsolete) To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to collect in company.
   • 1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC, page 68:

     Whereupon the meaner ſort [of people] routed together, and ſuddenly aſſayling the Earle [i.e., Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland] in his Houſe, ſlew him, and diuers of his ſeruants.

語源 2

The noun is derived from Middle French route (“military defeat; retreat”), from rout, archaic past participle of Middle French, Old French rompre (“to break; to break up, disperse”) (modern French rompre (“to break, snap; to break up (with someone)”)), from Latin rumpere, the present active infinitive of rumpō (“to break, burst, rupture, tear; to force open; (figurative) to annul; to destroy; to interrupt”); see further at etymology 1.

The verb is derived from the noun.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• (Canada) IPA: [ɹʌʊt]
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

名詞

rout (plural routs)

1. (originally military) The act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat; a thrashing, a trouncing.

   The rout of the enemy was complete.

   The visiting football team was put to rout.

   • 1718, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book XIII”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume IV, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 21, lines 390–393:

     From Thrace they fly, call'd to the dire Alarms / Of warring Phlegyans, and Emphyrian Arms; / Invok'd by both, relentleſs they diſpoſe / To theſe, glad Conqueſt, murd'rous Rout to thoſe.

   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 211:

     His position had come to him—why? Perhaps because he was never ill… He had served three terms of three years out there… Because triumphant health in the general rout of constitutions is a kind of power in itself.

   • 2018 February 10, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham Hotspur 1 – 0 Arsenal”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 7 November 2020:

     It was only the outstanding [Petr] Cech that stood between Arsenal and a second-half rout as Spurs simply swamped their opponents after the break with a formidable display of power, pace and sheer intensity.

2. (military, also figurative) The retreat of an enemy force, etc., in this manner; also (archaic, rare), the army, enemy force, etc., so retreating.
   • 1609, Samuel Daniel, “The Fovrth Booke”, in The Civile Wares betweene the Howses of Lancaster and Yorke […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes for] Simon Watersonne, →OCLC, stanza 56, page 101:

     [T]hy Army preſently, / (As if they could not ſtand, when thou wert downe) / Diſperſt in rout, betooke them all to flie: [...]

   • 2022 September 11, Andrew E. Kramer, Andrew Higgins, “Ukraine Routs Russian Forces in Northeast, Forcing a Retreat”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     And the authorities in Moscow presented the rout in the northeast as a planned “regrouping.”

   • 2024 December 4, “Syria’s Bashar al-Assad is in mortal danger”, in The Economist‎, →ISSN:

     Small contingents of Russian troops across the country have tried to train the Syrian army into a more professional force (the rout in Aleppo suggests those efforts have gone poorly).

引用

• 2021 August 11, Thomas Happ, Axiom Verge 2, scene: clay tablet "Heretic's Granddaughter":

  Sixty revered sages gave their lives. In return we have ten weapons of godlike power. The King is pleased and the Udug put to rout, at least for the time being.

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed) (originally military)

1. (transitive) To completely defeat and force into disorderly retreat (an enemy force, opponent in sport, etc.).
   • 1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, book VIII, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the [Sheldonian] Theater, page 503:

     [T]hat Party of the King's Horſe which Charged the Scots, ſo totally Routed and defeated their whole Army, that they fled all ways for many Miles together, and were knock'd on the head, and taken Priſoners by the Country, [...]

   • 1977, Larry Mitchell, “It Takes All Kinds to Make the Revolutions”, in The Faggots & Their Friends Between Revolutions, New York, N.Y.: Nightboat Books, published 2020, →ISBN, part 2 (The Energy of Oppression), page 86:

     They write with eloquence against the men, using the men’s own language to embarrass them and sometimes even to rout them.

   • 2009 January 30, Adam Entous, “Mitchell Warns of Setbacks ahead in Mideast Talks”, in Reuters‎, archived from the original on 2 February 2009:

     Israel tightened its blockade of the Gaza Strip after Hamas routed secular Fatah forces loyal to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and seized control of the enclave in June 2007.

2. (intransitive, archaic) To retreat from a confrontation in disorder.
   • 2005, Brian Todd Carey, “Warfare in the Ancient Near East: The Bronze and Early Iron Ages”, in Warfare in the Ancient World, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, published 2013, →ISBN, page 18:

     The Ra division broke in panic and fled up against the just-arriving Amon division, which as a result began to rout as well.

語源 3

The verb is derived from 中期英語 routen (“to snore; to grunt, snort; to sleep; to dwell; to settle permanently”),  [and other forms], from 古期英語 hrūtan (“to snore; to make a noise”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrūtan (“to snore”), from Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to snore”), from *hruttōną (“to snore; to roar”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor-, *kr- (“to croak, crow”), *krut- (“to snore; to roar”), probably ultimately imitative.

The English word is cognate with Icelandic rjóta, hrjóta (“to snore; to rattle, roar”), rauta (“to roar”), Middle Dutch ruyten (“to make a noise; to chatter, chirp”), Middle High German rūssen, rūzen (“to make a noise; to buzz; to rattle; to snore”), Norwegian Nynorsk ruta (“to make a loud noise; to roar, rumble”), Swedish ryta (“to bellow, roar; to scream or shout angrily”). Compare 古期英語 rēotan, *hrēotan (“to make a noise; to make a noise in grief, lament, wail; to shed tears, weep”), from Proto-Germanic *reutaną; see further at etymology 4.

The noun is derived from the verb. It is cognate with Southern Norwegian rut (“loud noise, din, roar”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• (Scotland) IPA: (verb sense 3, noun sense) /ɹʌʊt/, /ɹut/
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed)

1. (intransitive, chiefly England, regional) To snore, especially loudly.
2. (intransitive, chiefly England, regional) To make a noise; to bellow, to roar, to snort.
3. (intransitive, Scotland, archaic) Especially of the sea, thunder, wind, etc.: to make a loud roaring noise; to howl, to roar, to rumble.

派生語

• root (“to cheer”)

名詞

rout (plural routs)

1. (chiefly Scotland) A loud, resounding noise, especially one made by the sea, thunder, wind, etc.; a roar.

語源 4

The verb is derived from 中期英語 routen (“to cry out, bellow, roar”) [and other forms], from Old Norse rauta (“to roar”), from Proto-Germanic *reutaną (“to cry, wail”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH- (“to weep”), probably imitative. The English word is cognate with Danish ryde (“to low, moo”), Latin rudere, rūdere (“to bray; to cry”), Lithuanian raudóti (“to wail; to lament; to sob”), Norwegian raute (“to bellow; to low, moo”), Old Church Slavonic рꙑдати (rydati, “to wail, weep”), Old High German riozan (“to roar; to wail”) (Middle High German riezen (“to wail”)), Old Norse rjóta (“to roar”), Old Swedish riuta, ryta (“to howl, wail; to roar”) (modern Swedish ruta, ryta (“to howl; to roar”) (regional)), Old Swedish röta (“to bellow, roar”) (modern Swedish rauta, råta, rota, röta (“to bellow, roar”) (regional)), Sanskrit रुद् (rud, “to cry, wail, weep; to howl, roar; to bewail, deplore, lament”).

The noun is derived from the verb, or from a noun derived from Old Norse rauta (“to roar”) (see above).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Ireland) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• (Scotland) IPA: /ɹʌʊt/, /ɹut/
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed) (chiefly Northern England, Northern Ireland, Scotland)

1. (transitive) Of a person: to say or shout (something) loudly.
2. (intransitive) Of a person: to speak loudly; to bellow, roar, to shout.
3. (intransitive) Of an animal, especially cattle: to low or moo loudly; to bellow.

名詞

rout (plural routs) (chiefly Scotland)

1. A lowing or mooing sound by an animal, especially cattle; a bellow, a moo.
2. A loud shout; a bellow, a roar; also, an instance of loud and continued exclamation or shouting; a clamour, an outcry.
   • 1761, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XII, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume III, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 58:

     And what of this new book the whole world makes ſuch a rout about?—Oh! 'tis out of all plumb, my Lord,—quite an irregular thing!

語源 5

A variant of wrout, itself a variant of wroot (“to search or root in the ground”) (obsolete), from 中期英語 wroten (“to search or root in the ground; of a person: to dig earth; of a worm: to slither, wriggle; to corrode; of a worm: to irritate by biting the skin; to destroy (a fortification) by digging or mining”) [and other forms] (whence root), from 古期英語 wrōtan (“to root up or rummage with the snout”). from Proto-West Germanic *wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną (“to dig with the nose or snout, to root”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“a root”), whence the English nouns wort and root.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed)

1. (transitive) To dig or plough (earth or the ground); to till.
2. (transitive) Usually followed by out or up: of a person: to search for and find (something); also (transitive) to completely empty or clear out (something).
3. (transitive, chiefly US) Usually followed by from: to compel (someone) to leave a place; specifically (usually followed by out or up), to cause (someone) to get out of bed.
   • 1920, Edith Wharton, chapter XIV, in The Age of Innocence, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC, book I, page 122:

     Nevertheless, he was always stimulated by Winsett, and whenever he caught sight of the journalist's lean bearded face and melancholy eyes he would rout him out of his corner and carry him off for a long talk.

4. (ambitransitive) Of an animal, especially a pig: to search (for something) in the ground with the snout; to root.
   • 1859, “The Merrie Days of England”, in The National Magazine, volume V, London: W. Kent & Co. […], →OCLC, page 154, column 1:

     [L]et us try to realise a party of people arriving before daybreak, on a cold mizzly morning, at a sloppy piece of grassland, routed up by vagrant pigs, and poached into holes by horses out for their Sunday holiday, [...]

   • 1864 July, H. H. B., “The Herds of Great Britain”, in The Farmer’s Magazine, volume XXIV (Third Series; volume LVI overall), number 1, London: Rogerson and Tuxford, […], →OCLC, chapter XLIV (The Butley Abbey, the Playford, and the Wherstead), page 6:

     Here was Christmas with some Shorthorns, a black sow of Black Diamond blood, and one of the very best of the day, busily routing by the brook side, and a two-year-old cross between a blood horse and a Suffolk mare.

5. (ambitransitive) To use a gouge, router, or other tool to scoop out material (from a metallic, wooden, etc., surface), forming a groove or recess.
6. (intransitive) Of a person: to search through belongings, a place, etc.; to rummage.

派生語

• router

語源 6

Possibly a variant of root (“to dig or pull out by the roots; to abolish, exterminate, root out”), from 中期英語 wroten; see further at etymology 5. Some recent uses are difficult to tell apart from rout (“of an animal, especially a pig: to search (for something) in the ground with the snout; to search for and find (something)”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed)

1. (transitive) Usually followed by out or up: to dig or pull up (a plant) by the roots; to extirpate, to uproot.
2. (transitive, figurative) Usually followed by out: to find and eradicate (something harmful or undesirable); to root out.

語源 7

The verb is derived from 中期英語 routen (“to move quickly, rush; of waters: to churn, surge; to drag, pull; to throw; to agitate, shake; to beat, strike;”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 hrūtan, from or cognate with Old Norse hrjóta (“to be flung; to fall; to fly”), from Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall; to fly; to move quickly”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, plunge; to rush; to topple”).

The English word is cognate with Middle High German rûzen (“to move quickly, storm”), and is also related to 古期英語 hrēosan (“to fall; to collapse; to rush”).

The noun is derived from 中期英語 rout, route (“a blow; suffering, woe (?); a jerk, sharp pull”) [and other forms], from routen; see above.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ɹaʊt/
• (Scotland) IPA: /ɹʌʊt/, /ɹut/
• Homophone: route (in some pronunciations)
• 韻: -aʊt

動詞

rout (third-person singular simple present routs, present participle routing, simple past and past participle routed)

1. (ambitransitive, chiefly Scotland, archaic) To beat or strike (someone or something); to assail (someone or something) with blows.

関連する語

• atrout

名詞

rout (plural routs)

1. (chiefly Scotland, archaic) A violent movement; a heavy or stunning blow or stroke.

語源 8

Uncertain; either imitative of the bird’s call, or possibly from Icelandic hrota (“brant; brent goose”), also probably imitative though perhaps influenced by hrot (“a snore; act of snoring”), from hrjóta (“to snore”), from Old Norse hrjóta (“to snore”), from Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną (“to snore”); see further at etymology 3.

名詞

rout (plural routs)

1. (Scotland, obsolete) The brant or brent goose (Branta bernicla).

   Synonyms: brant goose, road-goose, rood goose, rot-goose

参照

Further reading

• rout (military) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• router (woodworking) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Tour, tour, trou