isteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɪs.tɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈis.t̪e]

限定詞

iste (feminine ista, neuter istud); demonstrative determiner (pronominal)

1. (determiner) that (near you); those (in the plural)
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.22:

     Utinam tibi istam mentem dī immortālēs duint!

     If only the immortal gods would grant that intention to you!

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.702-703:

     [...] Et suprā caput adstitit: “Hunc ego Dītī
     sacrum iussa ferō, tēque istō corpore solvō.”

     And [Iris] placed herself just above [Dido’s] head: “Having been ordered [to do so], I am bringing this [lock of hair as] a sacred offering to Dis, and I release [your spirit] from that body [which was yours].”
     (See: Dis Pater.)

2. (pronoun) that one (near you); that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it

使用する際の注意点

• This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, near the listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and ille (“that”), which refers to people or things far from both speaker and listener.
• As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function.
• In Classical usage, iste frequently has a secondary, pejorative function of casting the referent in a negative light; for example, iste homō tends to mean "that (infamous/no good) man". This is opposite to ille, which is often used to cast the referent in a positive light. For example:

1. "Iste," inquit, "sceleribus suis tollētur."

   "That man," he said, "will be taken away for his crimes."

• For this reason, iste is often avoided in Classical usage as a neutral demonstrative. However, the pejorative function was missing or disappeared in Vulgar Latin, where iste was frequently used as a simple demonstrative and eventually came to replace hic in the meaning "this" (cf. Spanish este), sometimes strengthened with ecce (cf. French cet from Old French cist) or with eccum (cf. Italian questo).

語形変化

Demonstrative determiner (pronominal).

等位語

派生語

派生した語

参考

参照

• Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.1.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ĭste”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 820

Further reading

• “iste”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iste”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • men of that profession: qui ista profitentur