「Confucian」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(8ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

Kaisei Mikawago Fudoki was completed by Motonao NARUSHIMA, a Confucian scholar of the shogunate in the Tenpo era, through his proofreading of its original, "Mikawago Fudoki" (The Topographical Records of Mikawa Province) (by Kazue Chikayoshi HIRAIWA [平岩主計親吉] from the Kanei era to the Seiho era), which was completed in the early Edo period. 例文帳に追加

改正三河後風土記は、江戸初期のに成立した『三河後風土記』（平岩主計親吉・著寛永・正保年間）を原本に幕府の儒学者である成島司直により校正され天保年間に成立したものである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The following is the order in which people qualified for this position: Hikurodo (people training to be a Kudo (Keeper of the Imperial Archives) of noble birth; Hikurodo, Shippei koto (vassals of the Sekke (line of regents and advisors); important Inshi posts (officials of the Retired Emperor's Office), Zoshiki (low-ranking functionaries); Jusei (Confucian scholars) who had passed difficult exams such as the Myobodo (study of codes); and Hogandai (administrative officials of the Retired Emperor's Office). 例文帳に追加

任官資格順位としては「公卿の子弟の非蔵人（蔵人の見習）」、「非蔵人」、「執柄勾当（摂家の家来）」、「院司主な役職」　「雑色」、「儒生の修了者（明法道などの難試験に合格した者）」、「判官代」の順である。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Rather than economic development,Hakuseki ARAI who was a Neo-Confucian scholar emphasized moral of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) based on the motto by Ieyasu TOKUNAGA "currency must be reminted by material which is respected all the time,"but the situation changed drastically from Keicho era. 例文帳に追加

朱子学者であった新井白石は、経済発展よりも徳川家康による「貨幣は常に尊敬に値する素材で吹き立てられるべき」という言葉通りに江戸幕府の道義を重んじたのであったが、状況は慶長期とは一変していた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In Myogyodo (the study of Confucian classics) and Kidendo (Literature), based upon their own interpretations, the Sugawara clan, the Oe clan, and the Kiyohara clan, and so on differently inserted 'okototen' used as markings for reading Chinese classics (kuntenho), which they made their family's theory used to teach their children or students. 例文帳に追加

明経道・紀伝道（文章道）においては、漢文の注釈（訓点法）に用いる乎古登点（乎古止点）を菅原氏・大江氏・清原氏などがそれぞれ独自の解釈で打っていき、これを家説として子弟や門人の教育に用いるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the medieval period when Shisho (the Four Books of Confucianism) became valued under the influence of the Sung Study (Neo-Confucian), 'Myogyodo shisho' was newly established in Myogyodo, and in defiance of this, okototen called Gakkoten was set up to maintain the prerogative in learning in the Ashikaga School. 例文帳に追加

中世に入ると、宋学の影響によって四書が重視されるようになると、明経道において新たに「明経道四書」を制定し、また足利学校でもこれに対抗して学校点と呼ばれる乎古登点を定めて学術における特権維持を図った。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The Western Wei Dynasty that followed Northern Wei replaced the binghu system with the fubing system based on the principle of the farmer-soldier, and the subsequent Northern Zhou Dynasty established the Three Departments and Six Ministries administrative system based on the Confucian ritual text "The Rites of Zhou" ("Zhouli") and launched a tax system called zuyongdiao. 例文帳に追加

北魏の次の西魏では、兵戸制に代わって府兵制という兵農一致を原則とする新たな兵制が生まれ、その次の北周は、儒教教典の周礼に基づいて三省六部の官制を整備し、租庸調と呼ばれる税制を開始した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Confucian scholars protested agasint this policy, saying that the nation was pursuing profits and depriving the property of the common people, so the next Emperor Zhao (Han) held a debate to discuss the pros and cons of this policy (it is said that this debate was summarized into "Discourses on Salt and Iron"). 例文帳に追加

これには国家が利益追求を行って庶民から財を貪るものだとして儒学者から反対の声が上がり、次の昭帝(漢)の代にはこの政策の賛否を巡る論争会が開かれた（この論争を纏めたのが『塩鉄論』であると言われている）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Sanai becomes interested in him, and asks some questions like why eight of ten rich people are greedy and cruel, why the honest hard worker can't be rich, whether it is because of the actions in former lives in the Buddhist context, and whether it is because of the Will of Heaven in the Confucian context. 例文帳に追加

これに、左内は興に乗って、なぜ富めるものの八割が貪酷で残忍なのか、そして、真にすばらしい働き者の人がなぜ貧しいままなのか、これは、仏教にいう前業のせいなのか、儒教のいう天命のせいなのか、と質問をした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Also, it is known that "Oshima Hikki" (the notes of Oshima, 1776), which Yoshiteru TOBE, a Confucian scholar at Tosa Province, wrote based on interviews with Ryukyu warriors who had been washed up to Tosa, reads that Koshokun, a Chinese martial artist, showcased the techniques of the martial art called 'kumiai-jutsu' when visiting the Ryukyu Kingdom in the previous year. 例文帳に追加

また、土佐藩の儒学者・戸部良煕が、土佐に漂着した琉球士族より聴取して記した『大島筆記』(1776年）の中に、先年来琉した公相君が組合術という名の武術を披露したとの記述があることが知られている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In such a situation, Japan adopted a unique system in the world, based on Japanese traditional magical philosophy rather than Confucian philosophy, under which impure works such as the use of military and police force were not regarded as official system of the nation. 例文帳に追加

そのなかで、儒教の影響以前に、日本古来の呪術的発想から、軍事力ないし警察力の行使というケガレ仕事は国家の制度の内に公式のものとして存在を認めないという世界でも類の少ない特異な制度が採用された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The Tokugawa Shogunate especially emphasized this view, which respected Confucian control, pointing out that on the very day of Honno-ji no Hen Nobunaga was followed by about 100 people including unarmed women and comrades, and further after the incident, the God Monarch Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was made to run the risk of crossing Iga. 例文帳に追加

本能寺の変当日、織田信長は非武装の女子・共廻りを含めて100名ほどしかいなかった事、変後に神君徳川家康に伊賀越えという危難を味わった事等から、特に儒教的支配を尊んだ徳川幕府にておいてこのことは強調された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Daimyogashi can be explained as a system which complemented discrepancy between the annual revenue system that was based on the system of Kokudaka (tax system based on rice) and Confucian physiocracy, and annual expenditure system that was even experiencing occurrence of credit economy as a result of the development of commodity economy and monetary economy. 例文帳に追加

大名貸は言うなれば、石高制・儒教的農本主義に基づく米納年貢制による歳入制度と商品経済・貨幣経済の発展によって信用経済の発生までみていた貨幣制度による歳出制度の矛盾を補完する制度であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the 11th century, the position of sho hakase became a standby post (a post to which clan members were temporarily appointed until a myogyo-do position became available) for members of the Kiyohara clan and Nakahara clan which inherited the position of Myogyo hakase (Professor of Confucian classics), and it is though that shodo completely disappeared as an area of study. 例文帳に追加

11世紀に入ると、書博士そのものが明経博士を世襲した清原氏・中原氏の一族のための待機ポスト（明経道の職に空きが出来るまで暫時任じられる官職）と化してしまい、学科としての書道は完全に消滅したと考えられている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

According to "Teppoki" (a history book on the introduction of guns), firearms were first brought to Tanegashima Island on October 3, 1543 by a Chinese ship tossed ashore on Nishinoura Bay of Tanegashima Island, Osumi Province (Kagoshima Prefecture) and a Confucian scholar from Ming onboard, who identified himself as Goho, worked as a translator for Oribe NISHIMURA by using written messages. 例文帳に追加

『鉄炮記』によれば、種子島への鉄砲伝来は天文(元号)12年8月25日(旧暦)（ユリウス暦1543年9月23日）の出来事で、大隅国（鹿児島県）種子島西之浦湾に漂着した中国船に乗っていた「五峰」と名乗る明の儒生が西村織部と筆談で通訳を行う。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Also working for Ninsokuyoseba were Yoriki (police sergeant), who was sent by the town magistrate's office as Mokudai (Deputy), Doshin (police constable), and Yoseba Sahainin (the kind of sponsor who guarantees the characters of the criminals who were chosen out of the exemplary criminals and whose relatives were living away from Edo), doctors, teachers of Shin school (popularized blend of Buddhist, Shinto and Confucian ethical teachings in the Edo period), boatmen and others. 例文帳に追加

配下には町奉行所から目代として派遣された与力、同心、寄場差配人（模範的な人足の中から選抜された身寄が遠国にいる人足の身元を引き受ける保証人の類）、医師、心学の教師、船頭等が所属していた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Development of the patriarchal authority family since the pre-Taika era did build a basis for accepting and applying such law, but in the Confucian spirit, ritsuryo law gave tremendous power to parents or the head of the family, while drastically lowering the legal and social status of women. 例文帳に追加

大化前代からの家父長制家族の発達は、このような法を受用する基礎をつくったことは事実であるが、律令法は儒教の精神によって、親または家長の権力を強大にし、同時に女性の法的・社会的地位をいちじるしく低める作用をした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Ko Ketsugo advocated a theory on tradition of old history that those for older times were created more recently, based on a metaphor 'when stacking firewood, the ones placed later are higher,' and strongly shocked the intellectuals who were immersed in a Confucian historical perspective which viewed Gyo, Shun, and U as the golden age of Chinese history. 例文帳に追加

顧頡剛は「薪を積んでいくと、後から載せたものほど上に来る」という比喩のもと、古史伝承は累層的に古いものほど新しく作られたという説を主張し、尭・舜・禹を中国史の黄金時代とする儒教的歴史観に染まっていた知識人に大きな衝撃を与えた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

and it never troubles him that mere accident has decided which of these numerous worlds is the object of his reliance, and that the same causes which make him a Churchman in London, would have made him a Buddhist or a Confucian in Pekin. 例文帳に追加

そしてこの多数ある世間のどれが自分の信頼の対象となっているかは、単に偶然に決まったものであり、ロンドンで国教会信者になったのと同じ要因で、北京の仏教徒や儒教徒になったかもしれいないことで、悩まされることなどまるでありません。 - John Stuart Mill『自由について』

As "Raiki" (the Book of Rites), which is a Confucian scripture, described that "Rei" (ritual and etiquette) governed the conduct of the nobles while "Kei" (rules of punishment) governed the common people, government officials of the Fifth Rank or higher, as a rule, escaped a prison sentences except for the death penalty, for eight unpardonable crimes (the Ritsuryo codes). (In fact, the death penalty was substituted with exile or expulsion.) 例文帳に追加

儒教の経典である『礼記』には「礼は庶人に下らず、刑は大夫に上らず」とされ、律令法では八虐などによる死罪(律令法)（実際は流罪及び除名で代替される場合もあった）を例外として、五位以上の官人には実刑を加えないことが原則とされていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Daewongun knew the atrocities of West Europeans in China, and he actively promoted the wijŏng ch'ŏksa policy (defense of Confucian orthodoxy and rejection of Christian heterodoxy), which was not to admit ideas other than the doctrines of Zhu Xi, and also he believed in Sinocentrism, and because of this he presumed the Western Europe countries to be barbarous. 例文帳に追加

これは中国における西欧側の非道を知ったこともあるが、朱子学以外を認めない衛正斥邪という思想政策を積極的に推し進めたことから分かるように、大院君は中華思想的発想の持ち主であり、その点から西欧諸国を夷狄視していたことも理由の一つである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Originally, the term 'Han' referred to the territories ruled by the lords who were allowed to govern a certain country by the emperors of the Zhou Dynasty, ancient China, and the Japanese Confucian scholars in the Edo period compared the Japanese system to this, calling the daimyo who were (thought to be) subject to the TOGUGAWA Shogun family and given the territories by the shogun 'Shoko,' and their domains 'Han.' 例文帳に追加

そもそも「藩」の語は、古代中国で天子である周の王によってある国に封建された諸侯の支配領域を指し、江戸時代の儒学者がこれになぞらえて、徳川将軍家に服属し将軍によって領地を与えられた（と観念された）大名を「諸侯」、その領国を「藩」と呼んだことに由来する。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

At that time, Shikibu TAKENOUCHI, a vassal of the Tokudaiji family, who believed in Ansai YAMAZAKI's theory, gave lectures on Shinto and Confucian books to the kinju (attendants) of Emperor Momozono; Kinmura TOKUDAIJI, Toshimichi KOGA, Kintsumu OGIMACHISANJO, Mitsutane KARASUMARU, Toshihaya BOJO, Kinkoto IMADEGAWA,中院通雅, Tokina NISHINOTOIN, and Takafuru TAKANO, for legitimate reasons. 例文帳に追加

その頃、徳大寺家の家臣で山崎闇斎の学説を奉じる竹内式部が、大義名分の立場から桃園天皇の近習である徳大寺公城をはじめ久我敏通・正親町三条公積・烏丸光胤・坊城俊逸・今出川公言・中院通雅・西洞院時名・高野隆古らに神書・儒書を講じた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Afterwards, Daigaku-ryo comprised Kidendo (the study of Chinese history), Monjodo (literature), Myogyodo (the study of Confucian classics), Myobodo (study of Codes), and Sando (study of mathematics) while Kidendo and Monjodo were integrated later (people of succeeding generations assumed that Kidendo was absorbed by Monjodo but this is wrong. In reality, the name of the doctorate was 'Monjo Hakase' while the name of the department was 'Kiden (do).' 例文帳に追加

後に紀伝道（中国史）・文章道（文学）・明経道（儒教）・明法道（法律）・算道の学科構成となり、更に紀伝と文章が統合された（紀伝が文章に吸収統合されたと言うのは後世の誤りで、実際は博士号は「文章（博士）」、学科は「紀伝（道）」と称した）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Originally, Daigakuryo in Japan was a system that was modeled after the Kokushikan (an educational system in China) of the Tang Dynasty, but the Confucian scholars, who were the main managers of Kokushikan, were strongly anti-Buddhist because shaving the hair which were given from the parents and secluding oneself in a temple, and leaving ones parents was against the principle of 'ko' (serving well to one's parents), quoted in "Kokyo" (The book of filial piety). 例文帳に追加

元来、日本の大学寮は唐の国子監をモデルとした制度であったが、国子監の運営の中心にあたっていた儒学者は『孝経』などを引用して僧侶は親から貰った頭髪を剃り、親を捨てて寺院に籠るのは「孝」に反するとして、強い排仏意識を有していた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the latter period of the Heian period, it was written in "Senju-hiki" (literally, collection of secret records) by FUJIWARA no Tamefusa that a similar movement rose among the students of Myogyodo, which once was the center of Confucian education, and a Buddhist meeting called Chogo-e (an Expanding Lecture) was held at Kiyomizu-dera Temple on the same day with Kangakue. 例文帳に追加

これに対して平安時代後期には儒教教育の中心であったはずの明経道の学生の間にも同様の動きが発生して、勧学会と同日に清水寺において長講会と呼ばれる法会が開かれるようになったことが藤原為房の『撰集秘記』に書かれている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It is true that "The Tale of Genji" was influenced by the Confucian philosophy and Buddhism, but those interpretations were mainly made for the enlightenment of people at that time and it's hard to say they were generated from the story itself; thus they disappeared with the emergence of the 'Mono no Aware' theory (to be mentioned later). 例文帳に追加

『源氏物語』自体の中に儒教や仏教の思想が影響していることは事実としても、当時の解釈はそれらを教化の手段として用いるためという傾向が強く、物語そのものから出た解釈とは言い難いこともあって、後述の「もののあはれ」論の登場以後は衰えることになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

For instance, Shundai DAZAI, a Confucian scholar in the Edo period, wrote in his book "Seigaku Mondo" (Questions and Answers on Religious Scholarship) as 'Believers of Ikko Sect (Jodo Shinshu Sect) solely believe in Amida Buddha, do not believe in any other Buddha and deities, do not conduct a prayer under any circumstances and do not use magic rituals or charms even when they are sick. All of the above are attributable to Shinran's influence.' 例文帳に追加

たとえば、江戸時代の儒学者、太宰春台は『聖学問答』で「一向宗の門徒は、弥陀一仏を信ずること専らにして他の仏神を信ぜず、いかなることありても祈祷などすることなく、病苦ありても呪術・お守りをもちいず。みなこれ親鸞氏の力なり」と書いている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It is said that Kim Chung-seon left a record called '慕夏堂文集',but because the description of 慕夏堂文集 has pronounced the Korean sense of value (such as the attitude toward Ming) and Confucian quality, it is hard to believe that it was written by a busho (Japanese military commander) who was born and raised in Japan, so there is a theory that it was written by a descendant of Kim Chung-seon to honor his/her ancestors. 例文帳に追加

金忠善は「慕夏堂文集」と呼ばれる記録を残したと言われているが、慕夏堂文集の記載には朝鮮的価値観（明に対する態度など）と儒教的素養が顕著であり、日本で生まれ育った武将が書いたとは思えない為、金忠善の子孫が先祖顕彰の為に書いたものであるとする説もある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Gyokuzo HIROSE (younger brother of Tanso HIROSE), a Confucian scholar of the latter Edo Period who had lived not only in Edo but also in Osaka, describes the people's characters of these three cities in his essay "Kyukeisodou Zuihitsu," as "the people of Kyo are sensitive, the people of Osaka are avid and the people of Edo are proud," making a comparison of the people in these three cities with each examples. 例文帳に追加

なお、江戸時代後期の儒学者で江戸や大坂に住んだこともある広瀬旭荘（広瀬淡窓の弟）は、『九桂草堂随筆』という随筆の中で「京の人は細なり。大坂の人は貪なり。江戸の人は夸なり……是三都人気の異る所以なり」と述べていくつか事例を挙げながら三都の比較を試みている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It is generally known that, for years, Mabuchi intended to promote his research on ancient words through works such as Kaiko (Commentary on Poetry), Buniko (Commentary on Literature), and Goiko (Commentary on Language), and to set up the philosophy of ancient Shinto after perfecting the fundamentals; however, in consideration of his old age, he passed on his attempt to advocate Fukko Shinto (reform Shinto [prominent 18th century form of Shinto, based on the classics, and free from Confucian and Buddhist influences]) to his successor, Norinaga MOTOORI. 例文帳に追加

古語の研究を歌意考・文意考・語意考などで進め、基礎を大成したうえで古神道の哲学を組成することを真淵は長年意図していたのであるが、自分の老齢を意識して、復古神道の学論を立てる企ては後継者である本居宣長に譲ることにしたということは一般に知られる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After the Meiji Restoration, however, patriarchy based on Confucianism was expanded not only to the former samurai (warrior) class, but also to farm and merchant families at large, and the idea of Henjo Nanshi came to be dealt with, throughout the world of Japanese Buddhism including various schools of the Hokke Sect, as a basis to justify misogyny based on Confucian patriarchy, and a slogan that says "women cannot become any Buddha" in literal terms. 例文帳に追加

しかし明治維新後儒教的な家父長制が旧武士階層のみならず一般の農商家にも拡大されると文字通り「女人は成仏できない」という儒教的家父長制による女性蔑視の正当性を証明する根拠として法華系諸宗派を初めとする日本仏教全体で扱われるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, it is interesting that, while in China the priesthood was persecuted for opposing Confucian ethics by destroying the order of the 'family', in Japan it was incorporated into the bureaucracy through the 'soni-ryo' and the Sogo (Office of Monastic Affairs) and official certification system under the concept of 'nation protection' (priests with ranks such as 'Sojo' or 'Sozu' were government officials, or 'sokan', literally 'priest officials', under the Ritsuryo system). 例文帳に追加

だが、中国では、仏教の出家が「家」の秩序を破壊するなど、儒教論理に合わないとされ迫害されたのに対し、日本では「鎮護国家」の発想の下、「僧尼令」や僧綱・度牒制度が導入されて官僚組織の一員とまで化したのは興味深いことだと言える（僧正・僧都などは律令制で定められた僧官）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Bushido as a moral system is 'being loyal to one's lord, being dutiful to one's parents, controlling oneself strictly, being merciful to those of lower rank, having sympathy to the enemy, abstaining from selfish desire, respecting justice and respecting honor more than wealth.' Many of those who followed the Bushido code also possessed a Confucian attitude of 'continuance of family name,' which prospered during the Edo period and was formulated as Bushido. 例文帳に追加

道徳大系としての武士道とは「君に忠、親に孝、自らを節すること厳しく、下位の者に仁慈を以てし、敵には憐みをかけ、私欲を忌み、公正を尊び、富貴よりも名誉を以て貴しとなす」。　ひいては「家名の存続」という儒教的態度が底流に流れているものが多く、それは江戸期に思想的隆盛を迎え、武士道として体系付けられるに至る。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the Edo Period, the Confucian ideals of humanity and morality were important, and Masako is given high praise in the "Dai Nihon Shi" and by scholars such as Hakuseki ARAI and Sanyo RAI for her leadership of the Kamakura government after the death of her husband Yoritomo, yet added the criticism that she lacked morality, which led to the violent death of her sons (Yoriie, Sanetomo), the decline of the family she married into (the Minamoto clan) and the rise to power of her birth family, the Hojo clan. 例文帳に追加

江戸時代になると儒学の影響で人倫道徳観に重きを置かれるようになり、『大日本史』や新井白石、頼山陽などが政子を評しているが、頼朝亡き後に鎌倉幕府を主導したことは評価しつつも、子（頼家、実朝）が変死して婚家（源氏）が滅びて、実家（北条氏）がこれにとって代ったことが婦人としての人倫に欠くと批判を加えている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After the Ritsuryo Legal Codes were established, the Professors of Ondo were positioned within the Daigaku-ryo system, but because their role was to teach the reading aloud of the scriptures during the first course of Confucianism to the students of the main course (later known as Myogyodo, the Confucian department of Daigaku-ryo), their position was only deemed to be supplementary and it was not mentioned within the regulations that they may have their own students like Sando (Mathematics) and Shodo (Calligraphy) Departments. 例文帳に追加

律令制確立後に大学寮の下に音博士が位置づけられたが、本科（後の明経道）の学生が儒教の教育を受けるために行う最初の課程であった経典の音読を指導するのが役割であった事から、算道・書道_(大学寮)のような独自の学生を保持することは学令などにも記載されていないなど、最初から補助的地位に止められていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

At first, Daigaku-ryo mainly taught Confucianism, the study referred to as Myogyo-do (the study of Confucian classics) in later years, but after two educational system reforms in 728 and 730 (through the former, Monjo Hakase [professor of literature] and Ritsugaku Hakase [professor of the law], which was later referred as Myobo Hakase [professor of law], were introduced, and through the latter, the systems of monjosho [students of literary studies], myobosho [students of law studies] and tokugosho [distinguished scholars] were established), the facilities and system of Daigaku-ryo were improved; for example, Daigaku-ryo kugaiden (referred to as Kangakuden (rice fields for schooling) in later years) was introduced, whereby food services were provided to students. 例文帳に追加

当初は儒教を教える後の明経道が中心であったが、728年と730年の2度の学制改革（前者の改革で文章博士・律学博士（後の明法博士）が設置され、後者の改革で文章生・明法生・得業生制度が発足した）を経て、757年には大学寮公廨田（後の勧学田）が設定されて学生に対する給食が行われるなど、制度の充実が図られた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After the mid Heian period, such direct access to the emperor was only allowed to the Abe clan whose hereditary occupation was tenmon hakase and the Nakahara clan which was kyokumu (the chief secretary of the Daijokan, or Grand Council of State); incidentally, the Nakahara clan had assumed the role of tenmon misso from Mochitada NAKAHARA in the tenure of Emperor Daigo (afterwards in 972, he was granted the family name of NAKAHARA along with Uzo NAKAHARA [中原有象] of the head family and originated the clan), allegedly because, besides the clan's hereditary occupation of Geki [Secretary of the Grand Council of State], it inherited the family learning of Myogo-do [the study of Confucian classics] and used many Chinese classics as source books, many of which contained elucidation of astronomical phenomena so that the clan produced many persons well versed in tenmondo. 例文帳に追加

また、上奏する資格も平安時代中期以後には天文博士を世襲した阿倍氏と局務の中原氏の両家のみに限定されるようになっていく（なお、中原氏の天文密奏は醍醐天皇の時代の中原以忠（後に天禄2年（972年）に宗家の中原有象とともに中原のカバネを与えられて同氏の祖となる）に遡り、同氏本来の外記の職務とは別に同氏が家学としていた明経道の出典である漢籍には天文現象の解釈に関する記述が含まれていることが多く、天文道に通じた人物を輩出することが多かった事によるとされている）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス