u.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /u/

語源 1

From suppletive fusion of ō-stem feminine singular nominative ending -u and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).

接尾辞

-u f

1. ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), normally causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable

   ‎eald (“old”) + ‎-u → ‎ieldu (“age”)

   ‎hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + ‎-u → ‎hāliġu (“holiness”)

   ‎hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + ‎-u → ‎hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)

   ‎hāt (“hot”) + ‎-u → ‎hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)

   ‎mennisċ (“human, natural, humane”) + ‎-u → ‎mennisċu (“humanity”)

   ‎miċel (“big, large; great”) + ‎-u → ‎miċelu (“greatness, size”)

使用する際の注意点

According to Ringe and Taylor[2], this suffix began as indeclinable *-i in the singular and nominative/accusative plural, before the ō-stem feminine nominative singular was borrowed. In Anglian, the new ending was then extended to the rest of these forms. This same extension was not complete in Early West Saxon, but eventually won out in Late West Saxon. Spellings of these forms with -o, and rarely -a, reflect the merger of unstressed back vowels in later Old English

語形変化

Strong īn-stem:

派生語

語源 2

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-ō. Apocope should have caused the loss of this ending after heavy stems, but the Anglian dialects generally retained it by analogy with short stems, or for its morphological significance. In West Saxon, this apocope led to replacement with the subjunctive singular -e, which was then extended to short stem verbs as well.

接尾辞

-u (Anglian)

1. Used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs

   ‎beran (“bear”) + ‎-u → ‎beru (“I bear”)

   ‎drīfan (“drive out”) + ‎-u → ‎drīfu (“I drive out”)

   ‎sellan (“give”) + ‎-u → ‎sellu (“I give”)

語源 3

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-ō

接尾辞

-u f

1. Used to form the nominative singular of short ō-stem nouns

   ġiefu (“gift”)

   lufu (“love”)

語源 4

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-uz

接尾辞

-u

1. Used to form the nominative and accusative singular of short u-stem nouns

   sunu (“son”)

   wudu (“forest”)

語源 5

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-ō

接尾辞

-u n

1. Used to form the nominative and accusative plural of short a-stem and all ija-stem neuter nouns

   ‎clif (“cliff”) + ‎-u → ‎clifu (“cliffs”)

   ‎sċip (“ship”) + ‎-u → ‎sċipu (“ships”)

   ‎rīċe (“kingdom”) + ‎-u → ‎rīċu (“kingdoms”)

語源 6

接尾辞

-u

1. Forms the strong nominative feminine singular and strong nominative/accusative neuter plural of adjectives

   ‎unārīmedlīċ + ‎-u → ‎unārīmedlīċu

使用する際の注意点

This ending is used for all singular forms of neuter fourth-declension nouns except the genitive (which still uses -ūs). It even replaces -uī in the dative, something that does not occur in the other declension patterns.

接中辞

-u-

1. (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a human source.

関連する語

• -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies. (See that entry for full paradigm.)

同意語

• USD
• US$
• U$

発音

Letter name

• IPA: /ˈjuː/
• 韻: -uː
• 異形同音異義語: ewe, yew, you; hew, hue, Hugh (h-dropping)

Phoneme

• (General Australian) IPA: /a/, /ʉː/, /ʊ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ʌ/, /uː/, /ʊ/
• (米国発音, Canada) IPA: /ʌ/, /u/, /ʊ/
• (South 米国発音) IPA: /ʌ/, /ɜ/, /uː/, /ʊ/

文字

u (lower case, upper case U, plural us or u's)

1. The twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, called u and written in the Latin script.

   I prefer the u in Arial to the one in Times New Roman.

参考

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

名詞

u (plural ues)

1. The name of the Latin script letter U/u.
2. A thing in the shape of the letter U.

別の表記

• you

派生語

参考

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed

語源 2

代名詞

u (second person, singular or plural, nominative or objective, possessive determiner ur, possessive pronoun urs, singular reflexive urself, plural reflexive urselves)

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of you.

   t8k me w u

   • 2009 March 10, Rosie DiManno, “Murder reduced to infantile online postings”, in Toronto Star‎, archived from the original on 13 March 2009:

     "(W)ho knows I wanted her dead? cuz i only told u and (D.B.) so unless u told someone ..."

   • 2018, Tommy Orange, “Jacquie Red Feather”, in There There, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, →ISBN, page 100:

     What r u doing? Jacquie texted Opal. She put her phone on the bed and went to her suitcase to get her swimsuit.

派生語

形容詞

u

1. Abbreviation of underwater.

派生語

• u-boat (1)

派生語

文字

u (lower case, upper case U)

1. a letter of the Old English alphabet

使用する際の注意点

• This letter can represent short /u/ and long /uː/, which were typically not distinguished in Old English manuscripts. Modern editions of manuscripts typically mark long vowels with a macron ⟨ū⟩ or an acute accent ⟨ú⟩.
• It can also represent the consonant /w/. This sound may also be represented with a double ⟨uu⟩. However, it is usually written with the letter ƿ (⟨w⟩ in most modern manuscripts)

名詞

ū f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin script letter U/u.

等位語

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

参照

• “u”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge: iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem
    
• u in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."