deficioとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From de- +‎ facio.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [deːˈfɪ.ki.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [d̪eˈfiː.t͡ʃi.o]

動詞

dēficiō (present infinitive dēficere, perfect active dēfēcī, supine dēfectum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. (intransitive, ab + ablative or ad + accusative) to move away, leave, withdraw, break away

   ab aliqua re deficere ― to break away from something

2. (intransitive) to be exhausted, run out, fail, run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear, come to nothing, vanish
3. (intransitive) to be discouraged, disappoint or let down
4. (intransitive) to finish up, die
5. (transitive) to forsake, desert or abandon
6. (passive voice, reflexive) to be lacking in, to fall short, have shortcomings, fail

Conjugation

At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

引用

• 526–527, Priscianus Caesariensis, Institutiones Grammaticae, De Dictione

  vides ergo per se ipsam syllabam deficere praedictorum ratione nec aliter posse examussim tractari, nisi posita sit in dictione.

  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• 845, the same as it appears in the St. Gall Priscian Glosses

  uidesgͦ p̛se ipsam syllabã difficere p͞dictor̄ ratione, necalit̄ posse examosim tractari n͗ posita indictione sit.

  So you see that in and of itself the syllable is insufficient because of the aforementioned, and cannot otherwise exactly be used unless it is placed in a word.

同意語

• (die): pereō, morior, intereo, exspiro, defungor, decedo, aboleo, occumbō, cadō, excēdō, discedo
• (retire): facessō, dēcēdō, discēdō, cēdō, concēdō, excēdō, regredior, abscēdō, subtrahō, subdūcō, inclīnō, recēdō, recipiō, āmoveō, referō, vertō
• (move away): evado, exeo, discedo, facesso, decedo, cedo
• (abandon): dēserō, relinquō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, linquō, dēsinō, reddō, remittō, dēstituō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, permittō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō, tribuō
• (lacking): egeō, indigeō, delinquō, careō, dēsum, cessō, perdō
• (discourage): profligō, dēfatīgō
• (fail): cadō, dēsum, discēdō, dēlinquō

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “lacking”): flōreō, niteō, abundō, affluō
• (antonym(s) of “discourage”): firmō, cōnfirmō
• (antonym(s) of “retire”): prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, prōficiō, aggredior, ēvehō, incēdō, accēdō, adeō

派生語

• dēfector

関連する語

派生した語

• Galician: devecer
• → English: defect
• → Dutch: defecteren
• → German: defektieren
• → Portuguese: défice
• → Swedish: defektera

参照

• deficio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “deficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “deficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “deficio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the sun, moon, is eclipsed: sol (luna) deficit, obscuratur
    
  • to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt
    
  • to lose courage; to despair: animo cadere, deficere
    
  • to deviate from the path of virtue: a virtute discedere or deficere
    
  • a man's credit begins to go down: fides aliquem deficere coepit
    
  • to betray the interests of the state: a re publica deficere
    
• https://outils.biblissima.fr/en/collatinus-web/#deficio
• https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-english-dictionary.php?parola=defecerunt
• https://vulgate.org/ot/psalms_101.htm. quia defecerunt sicut fumus dies mei et ossa mea sicut gremium aruerunt: https://www.ecatholic2000.com/douay-rheims-bible/psalms.shtml#_Toc511436257 Psalm 101:4 For my days are vanished like smoke, and my bones are grown dry like fuel for the fire.
• https://vulgate.org/ot/psalms_36.htm quia peccatores peribunt inimici vero Domini mox honorificati fuerint et exaltati deficientes quemadmodum fumus defecerunt https://www.ecatholic2000.com/douay-rheims-bible/psalms.shtml#_Toc51143625720 Psalm 36.20 Because the wicked shall perish. And the enemies of the Lord, presently after they shall be honoured and exalted, shall come to nothing and vanish like smoke.