victrixとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈvɪk.tɹɪks/

名詞

victrix (plural not attested)

1. victor (female); victress.

   Synonyms: victoress, victrice

   • 1853, Charlotte Brontë, Villette:

     In his victrix he required all that was here visible — the imprint of high cultivation, the consecration of a careful and authoritative protection, the adjuncts that Fashion decrees, Wealth purchases, and Taste adjusts […]

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwɪk.triːks]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvik.t̪riks]

名詞

victrīx f (genitive victrīcis, masculine victor); third declension

1. victoress, conqueress, conqueror (female); winner (female)

使用する際の注意点

The genitive plural form victrīcum is rare. Although the alternative form victrīcium is in practice mostly attested with adjectival function (see below), it may not be safe to assume that it was fundamentally restricted to adjectival use.

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生した語

• → English: victrix (learned)
• Middle French: victrice

形容詞

victrīx (feminine victrīx); third-declension defective adjective (feminine-only when singular, feminine or neuter when plural)

1. victorious, conquering
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 5.30.1.1:

     sed nefas ducere desertam ac relictam ab dis immortalibus incoli urbem, et in captivo solo habitare populum Romanum et victrice patria victam mutari.

     • 1924 translation by B. O. Foster

       But he thought it an offence against Heaven that a city deserted and forsaken by the immortal gods should be inhabited, and that the Roman People should dwell on conquered soil, exchanging their victorious City for a vanquished one.

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 28.6.8:

     Sulpicius tam facili ad Oreum successu elatus, Chalcidem inde protinus victrici classe petit, ubi haudquaquam ad spem eventus respondit.

     • 2021 translation by J. C. Yardley

       Emboldened by such easy success at Oreus, Sulpicius immediately left for Chalcis with his victorious fleet, but the result there in no way matched expectations.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 3.54:

     res Agamemnonias victriciaque arma secutus

     • 1916 translation by H. Rushton Fairclough

       following Agamemnon’s cause and triumphant arms

   • c. 15 BCE, Propertius, Elegiae 4.1a.47:

     heu quali vectast Dardana puppis ave, / arma resurgentis portans victricia Troiae!

     • 1990 translation by G. P. Goold

       Ah, what blessed augury attended the sailing of the Dardan ship which carried to victory the arms of Troy reborn!

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.151:

     Iovis est mihi saepe potestas / dicta prius: cecini plectro graviore Gigantas / sparsaque Phlegraeis victricia fulmina campis.

     • 1916 translation by Frank Justus Miller

       Oft have I sung the power of Jove before; I have sung the giants in a heavier strain, and the victorious bolts hurled on the Phlegraean plains.

   • c. 14 CE – 31 CE, Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 1.1.11.8:

     Ubi omnibus sollemni more peractis in Capitolium prope divina veneratione victricium armorum perinde victor rediit.

     • 2000 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey

       There he went through the entire ritual in regular form and returned to the Capitol as though victor over victorious arms because of their reverence for the divine.

   • c. 14 CE – 31 CE, Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 6.6(ext).1.3:

     Post duorum in Hispania Scipionum totidemque Romani sanguinis exercituum miserabilem stragem Saguntini victricibus Hannibalis armis intra moenia urbis suae conpulsi

     • 2000 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey

       After the pitiable slaughter of the two Scipios in Spain and as many armies of Roman race, the Saguntines were driven by Hannibal’s victorious arms inside the walls of their city.

   • c. 4 CE – 54 CE, Seneca the Younger, Hercules Furens 399:

     Ego rapta quamvis sceptra victrici geram / dextra, regamque cuncta sine legum metu / quas arma vincunt, pauca pro causa loquar / nostra.

     • 2018 translation by John G. Fitch

       Though I wield the stolen scepter in my conquering hand, and have absolute power with no fear of laws (which are bested by weapons), I shall speak a few words in my defense.

   • c. 56 CE – 117 CE, Tacitus, Historiae 2.59.14:

     Praesto fuere Luguduni victricium victarumque partium duces.

     • 1925 translation by Clifford H. Moore

       At Lugudunum the generals of both sides, the victors and the defeated, awaited him.

   • c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 120.7.8:

     iecitque se in praeceps et non minus sollicitus in illo rapido alveo fluminis ut armatus quam ut salvus exiret, retento armorum victricium decore tam tutus redît quam si ponte venisset.

     • 1925 translation by Richard M. Gummere

       He plunged headlong, taking as great care to come out armed from the midst of the dashing river-channel as he did to come out unhurt; he returned, preserving the glory of his conquering weapons, as safely as if he had come back over the bridge.

   • c. 56 CE – 117 CE, Tacitus, Historiae 2.77.15:

     Aperiet et recludet contecta et tumescentia victricium partium vulnera bellum ipsum; nec mihi maior in tua vigilantia parsimonia sapientia

     • 1925 translation by Clifford H. Moore

       War will inevitably open and lay bare the angry wounds which the victorious party now conceals

   • c. 56 CE – 117 CE, Tacitus, Historiae 3.50.2:

     Signa aquilaeque victricium legionum, milites vulneribus aut aetate graves, plerique etiam integri Veronae relicti

     • 1925 translation by Clifford H. Moore

       They left at Verona the eagles and standards of the victorious legions, such soldiers as were incapacitated by wounds or years, and also a number who were in good condition

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum 3 14.period3.period3:

     accidit ut apud Philippos sacratae olim victricium legionum arae sponte subitis conlucerent ignibus

     • 1914 translation by J. C. Rolfe

       it chanced that at Philippi the altars consecrated in bygone days by the victorious legions gleamed of their own accord with sudden fires

   • 1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 178:

     October equus appellatur, qui in campo Martio mense Octobri immolatur quot annis Marti, bigarum victricum dexterior.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

The adjectival use of this word probably originates from appositive use of the feminine noun (with personification when modifying inanimate nouns), but it came to be inflected as a defective adjective. It is not used with masculine nouns (which take victor instead), but it may be used with plural neuter nouns. By analogy with the inflection of adjectives such as fēlīx, it developed a neuter nominative/accusative plural victrīcia, a genitive plural in -ium and an ablative singular in -ī. Some neuter singular uses might also occur, but only very rarely and only in later authors; the grammarians Servius and Pseudo-Probus (Instituta artium) say neuter singular forms cannot be found.

語形変化

Third-declension defective adjective (feminine-only when singular, feminine or neuter when plural).

参照

Further reading

• “victrix”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “victrix”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “victrix”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “victrix”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “victrix”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray