CASTとは 意味・読み方・使い方

接尾辞

-cast

1. Forming words for audiovisual content distributed to an audience, usually in a manner denoted by the word stem.

派生語

参考

• Solid compounds based on cam, such as webcam, dashcam, and others

アナグラム

• cats, SATC, STCA, TSCA, TACs, TCAs, TACS, acts, CATs, scat, Cats, TCAS, CTAs, ATSC, Acts, ATCs, ACTs

接尾辞

-cast

1. second-person singular present indicative of -cian

語源

From 中期英語 casten, from Old Norse kasta (“to throw, cast, overturn”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin.

Cognate with Scots cast (“to cast, throw”), Danish kaste (“to throw”), Swedish kasta (“to throw, cast, fling, toss, discard”), Icelandic kasta (“to pitch, toss”). In the sense of "flinging", displaced native warp.

The senses relating to broadcasting are based on that same term; compare -cast.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: käst, IPA: /kɑːst/
• (Northern England) enPR: kăst, IPA: /kast/
• (General American) enPR: kăst, IPA: /kæst/
• (New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore) enPR: /kɛəst/
• 異形同音異義語: caste; (in some non-rhotic accents) karst
• 韻: -ɑːst, -æst

動詞

cast (third-person singular simple present casts, present participle casting, simple past and past participle cast or (common, but sometimes proscribed) casted)

1. (physical) To move, or be moved, away.
   1. (now somewhat literary) To throw. [from 13th c.]

      Synonyms: fling, hurl; see also Thesaurus:throw

      • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

        Why then a Ladder quaintly made of Cords / To cast vp, with a paire of anchoring hookes, / Would serue to scale another Hero's towre […].

      • 1759–1767, [Laurence Sterne], The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume (please specify |volume=I to IX), London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […], page 262:

        The more, an' please your honour, the pity, said the Corporal; in uttering which, he cast his spade into the wheelbarrow […].

   2. To throw forward (a fishing line, net etc.) into the sea. [from 14th c.]

      Synonym: project

      • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew iiij:

        As Jesus walked by the see off Galile, he sawe two brethren: Simon which was called Peter, and Andrew his brother, castynge a neet into the see (for they were fisshers) […].

   3. To throw down or aside. [from 15th c.]

      Synonyms: cast down, throw down

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

        So she to Guyon offred it to tast; / Who taking it out of her tender hond, / The cup to ground did violently cast, / That all in peeces it was broken fond […]

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 6:30:

        it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.

      • 1930 December 19, “Sidar the Madman”, in Time:

        Near Puerto Limon, Costa Rica, Madman, co-pilot and plane were caught in a storm, cast into the Caribbean, drowned.

      • 2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, Fourth Estate, published 2010, page 316:

        Her bow is not to her liking. In a temper, she casts it on the grass.

   4. (of an animal) To throw off (the skin) as a process of growth; to shed the hair or fur of the coat. [from 15th c.]

      Synonym: slough

   5. (botany) To shed leaves or fruit prematurely.
   6. (obsolete except in set phrases) To remove, take off (clothes). [from 14th c.]

      Synonym: doff

      • 1822, “Life of Donald McBane”, in Blackwood's Magazine, volume 12, page 745:

        when the serjeant saw me, he cast his coat and put it on me, and they carried me on their shoulders to a village where the wounded were and our surgeons […].

      • 2002 March 2, Jess Cartner-Morley, “How to Wear Clothes”, in The Guardian:

        You know the saying, "Ne'er cast a clout till May is out"? Well, personally, I'm bored of my winter clothes by March.

   7. (nautical) To heave the lead and line in order to ascertain the depth of water.
   8. (obsolete) To vomit.

      Synonyms: hurl; see also Thesaurus:regurgitate

      • 1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene i:

        These verses […] make me ready to cast.

   9. (archaic) To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 19:48:

        Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee.

      • 1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford‎, volume 1, page 170:

        Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

   10. (archaic) To throw out or emit; to exhale.
       • 1695 (first published), 1726 (final dated of publication) John Woodward, An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies

         This […] casts a sulphurous smell.

       • 1849, Philip Henry Gosse, Natural History:

         This horned bird, as it casts a strong smell, so it hath a foul look, much exceeding the European Raven in bigness

2. To direct (one's eyes, gaze etc.). [from 13th c.]
   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     To whom do Lyons cast their gentle Lookes? Not to the Beast, that would vsurpe their Den.

   • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter 11, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:

     She then yawned again, threw aside her book, and cast her eyes round the room in quest of some amusement […].

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     But Richmond, his grandfather's darling, after one thoughtful glance cast under his lashes at that uncompromising countenance appeared to lose himself in his own reflections.

3. (dated outside accounting) To add up (a column of figures, accounts etc.); cross-cast refers to adding up a row of figures. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: sum, tally; see also Thesaurus:add up

   • c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:

     To what this ten years' tribute will amount,
     That we have cast, but cannot compass it
     By reason of the wars, that robb'd our store

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     The Clearke of Chartam: hee can write and / reade, and cast accompt.

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 17, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     I cannot yet cast account either with penne or Counters.

   • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

     I cast up the notches on my post, and found I had been on shore three hundred and sixty-five days.

   • 1859, David Morier Evans, “The Royal British Bank—Its Suspension and General Mismanagement”, in Facts, Failures and Frauds, London: Groombridge & Sons, page 337:

     They cast it up and found it agreed with the printed balance-sheet.

   • 2007, George Puttick, Sandy van Esch, “Auditing Revenue Transactions and Balances”, in The Principles and Practice of Auditing, →ISBN, page 637:

     Obtain an aged list of accounts receivable balances at the financial year end and use CAATs to cast and cross-cast the schedule and agree the total to the general ledger control account for accounts receivable.

   • 2023, “Procedures”, in Audit and Assurance, Kaplan Financial Limited, →ISBN, page 354:

     Obtain a list of individual customers with balances outstanding at the year end, cast this and agree it to the trade receivables account.

4. (social) To predict, to decide, to plan.
   1. (astrology) To calculate the astrological value of (a horoscope, birth etc.). [from 14th c.]
      • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
        , vol.1, New York Review of Books, 2001, p.309:

        he is […] a perfect astrologer, that can cast the rise and fall of others, and mark their errant motions to his own use.

      • 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 332:

        John Gadbury confessed that Mrs Cellier, ‘the Popish Midwife’, had asked him to cast the King's nativity, although the astrology claimed to have refused to do so.

      • 1985, Lawrence Durrell, Quinx, Faber & Faber 2004 (Avignon Quintet), p.1197:

        He did the washing up and stayed behind to watch the dinner cook while she hopped off with a friend to have her horoscope cast by another friend.

   2. (obsolete) To plan, intend. [14th–19th c.]
      • 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter i leaf 386v:

        [...] for the quene had cast to haue ben ageyne with kyng Arthur at the ferthest by ten of the clok / and soo was that tyme her purpoos.
        [...] "for the queen had cast to have been again with King Arthur at the furthest by ten of the clock, and so was that time her purpose."

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

        I wrapt my selfe in Palmers weed, / And cast to seeke him forth through daunger and great dreed.

      • 1685, William Temple, "Upon the Gardens of Epicurus:

        The cloister […] had, I doubt not, been cast for [an orange-house].

   3. (transitive) To assign (a role in a play or performance). [from 18th c.]

      The director cast the part carefully.

   4. (transitive) To assign a role in a play or performance to (an actor).

      The director cast John Smith as King Lear.

   5. (transitive) To describe in an opinionated way. Mostly used with a metaphor involving light.

      King John cast his predecessor in a negative light to deflect criticism of his own questionable decisions.

   6. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan.

      to cast about for reasons

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:29:

        She […] cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be.

   7. (archaic) To impose; to bestow; to rest.
      • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

        The government I cast upon my brother.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 4:22:

        Cast thy burden upon the Lord.

   8. (archaic) To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict.

      to be cast in damages

      • 1822, John Galt, The Provost:

        She was cast to be hanged.

      • 1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC:

        Were the case referred to any competent judge, […] they would inevitably be cast.

   9. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide.

      Synonyms: decide, determine; see also Thesaurus:choose

      a casting voice

      • 24 July, 1659, Robert South, Interest Deposed, and Truth Restored

        How much interest casts the balance in cases dubious!

5. To perform, bring forth (a magical spell or enchantment).
   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 178:

     Sorcery is not the exclusive prerogative of the fetish-man, but is practised haphazardly by anyone who wishes to cast a spell upon another.

6. To throw (light etc.) on or upon something, or in a given direction.

   Synonyms: pour, shed; see also Thesaurus:illuminate

   • 1950 April 24, “A Global View”, in Time:

     The threat of Russian barbarism sweeping over the free world will cast its ominous shadow over us for many, many years.

   • 1960, Lawrence Durrell, Clea:

     A sudden thought cast a gloom over his countenance.

   • 1972, “Thick As A Brick”, Ian Anderson (lyrics), performed by Jethro Tull:

     The Poet and the Painter
     Casting shadows on the water
     As the sun plays on the infantry
     Returning from the sea.

7. (archaic) To give birth to (a child) prematurely; to miscarry. [from 15th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
     , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.98:

     being with childe, they may without feare of accusation, spoyle and cast [translating avorter] their children, with certaine medicaments, which they have only for that purpose.

   • 1650, Thomas Browne, chapter V, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 1st book, page 20:

     The abortion of a woman they describe by an horse kicking a wolf; because a mare will cast her foal if she tread in the track of that animal.

8. To shape (molten metal etc.) by pouring into a mould; to make (an object) in such a way. [from 15th c.]
   • 1923 March 24, “Rodin's Death”, in Time:

     One copy of the magnificent caveman, The Thinker, of which Rodin cast several examples in bronze, is seated now in front of the Detroit Museum of Art, where it was placed last autumn.

   • 1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 343:

     The practice of casting steel seems the most difficult of all the foundry arts, for despite every care, a percentage of the work is liable to be faulty and disappointing, but at Crewe, generally, a very good class of casting was turned out.

   1. (printing, dated) To stereotype or electrotype.
9. To twist or warp (of fabric, timber etc.). [from 16th c.]
   • c. 1680, Joseph Moxon, The Art of Joinery:

     Stuff is said to cast or warp when […] it alters its flatness or straightness.

10. (nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail; to bring (a ship) round. [from 18th c.]
11. To deposit (a ballot or voting paper); to formally register (one's vote). [from 19th c.]

    Time to tell all the ballots cast by voters in the box.

12. (computing) To change a variable type from, for example, integer to real, or integer to text. [from 20th c.]

    To display a number, you need to cast it to a string type.

13. (hunting) Of dogs, hunters: to spread out and search for a scent. [from 18th c.]
    • 1955, William Golding, The Inheritors, Faber and Faber, published 2005, page 50:

      He clambered on to an apron of rock that held its area out to the sun and began to cast across it. The direction of the wind changed and the scent touched him again.

14. (medicine) To set (a bone etc.) in a cast.

    (Can we add an example for this sense? )

15. (Wicca) To open a circle in order to begin a spell or meeting of witches.
16. (media) To broadcast (video) over the Internet or a local network, especially to one's television.

    The streamer was the first to cast footage of the new game.

Conjugation

派生語