ad-とは 意味・読み方・使い方

接頭辞

ad-

1. (no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb.

   accouple, admarginate, admixture, attune

2. Near, close to, adjacent.

   adaxonal, addental, admedial

3. Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body.

   adapical, adfluvial, adgerminal

4. (no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally.

   acclaim, adsignification, adspection

5. Along, alongside.

   admarginal, adnervular, adstratum

6. Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side.

   adfix, adposition, affix

7. Modifying.

   adnominal, adverb, assoil

8. Atop or above in position.

   adatom, adcumulate, aggrade

派生語

参照

• “ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

語源

Prefixed form of the preposition ad (“to, towards”). This prefix also appears in other Italic languages, entailing the reconstruction of Proto-Italic *ad- as a prefix.

接頭辞

ad-

1. to
2. usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action

参考

参照

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

接尾辞

-ad

1. a unit or set (especially of a specified number)

   chiliad, duodecad

派生語

• -adic

語源 2

From Latin ad (“at”). Coined by British anatomist John Barclay.

接尾辞

-ad

1. (medicine, anatomy) toward

   tibiad; ulnad

等位語

• (didn't catch on) -en

派生語

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

発音

• IPA: /æd/
• 韻: -æd
• Homophone: add

語源 1

Clipping of advertise, advertising, advertisement, or advertiser.

名詞

ad (plural ads)

1. Abbreviation of advertisement.

   Synonym: advert

   I have placed both of the ads in the newspaper as instructed.

   • 2019 July 28, Sam Wolfson, “Looking for Mr T: the politicisation of testosterone”, in The Guardian‎:

     In the final few weeks before the vote, a rash of ads appeared on radio and TV claiming that Hillary Clinton was too frail, too liberal and too ethically compromised to become president. […] Not many people took Morris’s ad too seriously; most news outlets were pleased for a frothy story in an election that was short on light relief.

2. Abbreviation of advertising.
3. Abbreviation of advertiser.

派生語

語源 2

From a shortening of the word advantage.

名詞

ad (plural ads)

1. (tennis) Advantage; also, designating the left-hand side, from the player's point of view, of their half of the court, where the advantage point following a deuce is always played.
   • 2006, David Foster Wallace, “Federer Both Flesh And Not”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 5:

     [S]uddenly Agassi hits a hard heavy cross-court back hand that pulls Federer way out to his ad (= his left) side, and Federer gets to it but slices the stretch backhand short, a couple feet past the service line […] .

2. (debating) advantage

   ads and disads

派生語

• ad in
• ad out

語源 3

From Latin ad (“to, on”).

前置詞

ad

1. to, toward

関連する語

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

発音

• IPA: /ɑːd/

名詞

ād m

1. funeral pyre

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生した語

• Middle English: ād

語源

From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.

The accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈad]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈad̪]

前置詞

ad (+ accusative)

1. (direction) toward, to
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4:

     Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.

     The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.

   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2:

     Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.

     At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93:

     Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas.

     Stretching both hands to the stars.

2. up to (indicating direction upwards)
3. near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.33:

     ad Murciae datae sedes

     the residences being given near the Murcia

4. against, on, upon (indicating position)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27:

     Sē ad arborēs applicant.

     They are leaning against the trees.

5. at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)
6. until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)
7. for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)

   Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.

   For the greater glory of God.

8. in order to, to, for (indicating means)

   Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.

   To resort to violence and to fighting.

9. in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to
10. according to (indicating conformity)
11. in consequence of
12. against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)
13. among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)
14. about, around, approximately, thereabout (indicating number)

使用する際の注意点

• The word ad is an antithesis to ab (just as in is to ex; in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.)
• Often used of geographical position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs iaceō (“lie, be situated”), vergō (“incline, slope”), spectō (“observe, see”) etc.:

  Asia iacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquilonem.

  Asia lies near the prime meridian and the south, Europe near the northern regions and northern wind. (There are two words for north.)

  Ad Atticam vergente.

  Inclining to Attic.

• When appended to the beginning of a word beginning with a consonant, ad- often assimilates, e.g. becoming ap- in appretiō, from pretium, or ac- in accēdō, from cēdō. Note that unassimilated forms such as adpretiō are also found.

派生語

派生した語

参照

• "ad", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ad", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "ad", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)